Research on design of organized assemblies composed of amphiphilic molecules

本工作旨在阐明反相微乳液如何影响蛋白质提取和化学反应，如超细颗粒的形成，以及如何设计的微乳液，这些实际应用。取得的主要成果如下：1. W/0型微乳液的物质分离：几种氨基酸通过静电相互作用增溶于微乳球中，疏水性氨基酸被截留在微乳球的界面区。通过吸附表面活性剂分子而变性的细胞色素c溶解在微乳液小球的界面区上。蛋白质的增溶过程有快、慢两个过程。细胞色素c的提取和反萃取可以在短时间内将变性蛋白质转化为天然蛋白质.超细粒子的制备：微乳液从水相到有机相的金属离子萃取过程与无微乳液的情况有很大不同。在微乳液的存在下，产生金属络合物的反应速率和络合物的形成常数大大增加，因为金属络合物和反应物都集中在微乳液球的界面附近。微乳液有助于金的单分散超细颗粒的形成.有组织组装体的设计：在含有有机磷酸钠盐的体系中形成了圆柱形和盘状的微结构。组件的形状和尺寸决定了系统的特性。在此基础上，从实验和理论两个方面阐述了表面活性剂分子形式、溶剂种类和盐度条件等因素对微乳液行为的影响。最后，我们提出了一个设计和控制微乳液的模型。

This work aims at elucidating how the microemulsions of reverse type affect the protein extraction and the chemical reactions such as ultra-fine particle formation, and how the microemulsions should be designed for these practical applications. The requits obtained are as follows :1. Separation of matter by W/0-microemulsion : Several amino acids are solubilized in flicroemulgion globules through the electrostatic interaction, and hydrophobic amino acids are entrapped on the interfacial zone of the microemulsion globules. Cytochrome c, which is denaturalized by adsorbing the surfactant molecules, is solubilized on the interfacial zone of the microemulsion globules. There exist two processes, fast and slow processes, in the protein solubilization. The denaturalized protein can be converted to native state, when cytochrome c is extracted and back-extracted in short term.2. Production of ultra-fine particles : The extraction processes of metal ion from an aqueous phase to the organic phase with microemulsion are quite different from those in microemulsion-free case. The rate of the reaction to yield the metal complex and the formation constant for the complex strongly increase in the presence of the microemulsion, because both metal complex and the reactants are concentrated near the interface of a microemulsion globule. The microemulsion contributes to the formation of monodisperse ultra-fine particles of gold.3. Design of organized assemblies : Cylindrical and disklike microstructures are formed in the systems containing the sodium salts of organs-phosphoric acids. The shape and the size of the assemblies determine the characteristics of the system. Based on this result, it was shown from both experimental and theoretical view points how the key factors (the surfactant molecular forms, the species of solvent, and the salinity condition) affect the behaviors of the microeliulsions. Finally, we present a model for designing and controlling the microemulsion.