Research on design of organized assemblies composed of amphiphilic molecules

本工作旨在阐明反相型微乳液对蛋白质提取和超细颗粒形成等化学反应的影响，以及如何为这些实际应用而设计微乳液。1.W/O型微乳液对物质的分离：几种氨基酸通过静电作用溶解在微乳球中，疏水性氨基酸被包裹在微乳球的界面区域。通过吸附表面活性分子而变性的细胞色素c溶解在微乳球的界面区。在蛋白质的增溶过程中，存在两个过程：快过程和慢过程。当细胞色素c在短期内被提取和反提取时，变性的蛋白质可以转化为天然状态。超细粒子的产生：微乳液将金属离子从水相萃取到有机相的过程与无微乳液的情况有很大不同。由于金属络合物和反应物都集中在微乳球的界面附近，所以在微乳液的存在下，生成金属络合物的反应速度和络合物的形成常数都大大增加。微乳液有助于形成单分散的超细金颗粒。有组织组件的设计：在含有器官的钠盐--磷酸的体系中形成圆柱状和盘状微结构。组件的形状和大小决定了系统的特性。在此基础上，从实验和理论两个角度分析了表面活性剂分子形式、溶剂种类和盐度条件等关键因素对微乳化液行为的影响。最后，我们提出了一个微乳液设计和控制的模型。

This work aims at elucidating how the microemulsions of reverse type affect the protein extraction and the chemical reactions such as ultra-fine particle formation, and how the microemulsions should be designed for these practical applications. The requits obtained are as follows :1. Separation of matter by W/0-microemulsion : Several amino acids are solubilized in flicroemulgion globules through the electrostatic interaction, and hydrophobic amino acids are entrapped on the interfacial zone of the microemulsion globules. Cytochrome c, which is denaturalized by adsorbing the surfactant molecules, is solubilized on the interfacial zone of the microemulsion globules. There exist two processes, fast and slow processes, in the protein solubilization. The denaturalized protein can be converted to native state, when cytochrome c is extracted and back-extracted in short term.2. Production of ultra-fine particles : The extraction processes of metal ion from an aqueous phase to the organic phase with microemulsion are quite different from those in microemulsion-free case. The rate of the reaction to yield the metal complex and the formation constant for the complex strongly increase in the presence of the microemulsion, because both metal complex and the reactants are concentrated near the interface of a microemulsion globule. The microemulsion contributes to the formation of monodisperse ultra-fine particles of gold.3. Design of organized assemblies : Cylindrical and disklike microstructures are formed in the systems containing the sodium salts of organs-phosphoric acids. The shape and the size of the assemblies determine the characteristics of the system. Based on this result, it was shown from both experimental and theoretical view points how the key factors (the surfactant molecular forms, the species of solvent, and the salinity condition) affect the behaviors of the microeliulsions. Finally, we present a model for designing and controlling the microemulsion.