Hydrological research on snowmelt processes in both warm- and cold-climate regions

温暖和寒冷气候地区融雪过程的水文研究

• 批准号: 02454069
• 负责人: FUKUSHIMA Yoshihiro
• 金额: $ 4.35万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1990 至 1992
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02454069/
• 关键词: snowmelt; heat balance; bulk transfer equation; forest coverage; streamflow due to snowmelt; 落葉広葉樹林; バルク法; 融雪流出; 落葉針葉樹林; バルク係数; 暖候性地域; 森林; 積雪深; 小流域; 熱収支法; 地表面粗度

To clarify snowmelt processes by heat balance components, to evaluate effects of various types of forest coverage on snowmelt and to estimate streamflow due to snowmelt, field observations were carried out at a small watershed and at plots in the regions with different types of climate condition, where were Ashiu Experimental Forest of Kyoto University in central Japan, Mt. Iwate in northern Japan and Moshiri Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University in the most north of Japan. Bulk coefficient of sensible heat flux were measured by two types of supper sonic wind-speed meter. Consequently, heat balance method included bulk transfer equation for the estimation of latent heat flux and sensible heat flux shows a good agreement with the observed surface snowmelt, and evaporation or condensation from snow surface, at a time interval of an hour and in various regions. All of heat balance components such as solar radiation, albedo, long-wave radiation, surface temperature, wind-speed, air temperature and relative humidity inside forest were compared with these at each open plot, and its differences were determined as the rations for the values at open plot. Therefore, snowmelt at each hill slope with different altitude, different aspect, different slope angle and different type of forest coverage can be estimated from the meteorological data observed at a point. Finally, it became very clear by this research work that the hydrographs for streamflow in snowmelt season can be estimated in the areas with different forest coverages and no relation to climate condition, at a time interval of an hour.

为了通过热平衡成分来阐明融雪的过程，以评估各种类型的森林覆盖范围对融雪的影响并估算融雪引起的流量，在一个小流域和具有不同类型气候条件的地区的地块上进行了田间观察，在日本中部的Kyoto trestional internir shore shore sosh internir shore shore intern ososh intern of shore shore in hern of here in shore in hore shore in hern of hern hey shore in hern of hern hey hern of hern of herne of hern hey hern hey hern hey hern of。日本北部大多数。通过两种类型的晚餐声速仪表测量了明智的热通量的散装系数。因此，热平衡方法包括用于估计潜热通量的大量转移方程，而明智的热通量与观察到的表面融雪良好，以及在一个小时的时间间隔和各个区域的时间间隔，从雪表面蒸发或凝结。将所有热平衡成分（例如太阳辐射，反照率，长波辐射，表面温度，风速，空气温度和森林内部的相对湿度）与每个开放图中的所有热平衡成分进行了比较，并且其差异被确定为开放图值的所有差异。因此，可以从某个点观察到的气象数据中估算出每个高度，不同方面，不同类型的森林覆盖范围不同的山坡上的融雪。最后，这项研究工作非常清楚，可以在一个小时的时间间隔内估计融化季节流量季节流量的水平图。

项目成果

福嶌 義宏(分担執筆): "森林水文学" 文永堂出版, 319 (1992)

福岛义宏（撰稿人）：《森林水文学》文内道出版社，319（1992）

Fukushima,Y.: "Estimation of slreamflow change by global warming in a glacier-covered high mountain avea of the Nepal Himalaya" Pub.of IAHS. 205. 181-188 (1991)

Fukushima,Y.：“全球变暖对尼泊尔喜马拉雅山冰川覆盖的高山大道中流变的估计” Pub.of IAHS。

白沢 あずみ,福嶌 義宏,鈴木 雅一: "暖候性山地流域における融雪流出の特性" 水文・水資源学会誌.

Azumi Shirasawa、Yoshihiro Fukushima、Masakazu Suzuki：“温暖山区盆地融雪径流的特征”日本水文水资源学会杂志。

橋本 哲,太田 岳史,福嶌 義宏,大手 信人: "樹種の違いによる林内融雪量の変化について" 日本雪氷学会全国大会講演予稿集. 156-156 (1991)

Satoshi Hashimoto、Takeshi Ota、Yoshihiro Fukushima、Nobuto Ote：“由于树种差异导致森林融雪量的变化”日本冰雪学会全国会议记录 156-156（1991）。

Nakashima, T.: "Characteristics of streamflow at a small watershed in steep slope area of Kyoto University forest in Ashiu" Bull. the Kyoto Univ. Forests. 64. 75-87 (1992)

Nakashima, T.：“芦保京都大学森林陡坡区小流域的水流特征”公牛。