A Study on the Cost and Benefit of Firms' Recruitment and Students' Job Seeking

1992年，我对日本全国1,683家企业进行了问卷调查，调查了它们招聘中小学毕业生的成本和回报。本次调查的主要结果可以归纳为以下三点：第一，企业招聘应届毕业生的渠道主要有两个，即通过机构和市场。前者既有企业接受高中正式推荐的毕业生，也有企业接受教授半正式推荐的理工科学生。第二种情况是，企业在招聘杂志等各种公关媒体上与企业取得联系的人文、商科、法学大学生中进行选拔。第二种情况是，企业在招聘一名员工时花费的69.4万日元主要用于在各种媒体上投放广告。今年新就业的学校/大学毕业生达155.4万人。因此，公司支付的所有费用都超过1，000，00美元 ...更多信息 第三，尽管有巨大的成本，市场渠道带来的收益不如机构渠道大。对市场渠道依赖程度最高的一组企业成功率（招聘毕业生/计划数）为92.1%，对市场依赖程度最低的一组企业成功率为83.6%。1993年，我对3,630名应届大学毕业生进行了关于求职成本和主观满意度的问卷调查。这项调查的主要结果可归纳为三点。首先，他们平均花了28.8天，花了55，000日元找工作。第二，通过市场渠道找工作的人在活动结束前花了34.6天，而通过机构渠道找工作的人花了21.5天，明显少于34.6天。第三，这两组毕业生对他们的求职活动的主观满意度没有显着差异。这两个研究表明，企业和学生为市场渠道付出的巨大成本几乎是一笔奢侈的支出，需要通过学校的积极干预，对学生进行科学的职业指导来削减。少

In 1992, I administered a questionnaire survey to 1,683 firms all over Japan on the cost and return of their recruiting activities towards new graduates from schools and colleges. In all, 537 firms responded to it. Main findings from this survey can be summarized into the following three points.First, firms hire new graduates through two main channels, namely through institutions and markets. The former can be found where firms accept graduates formaly recommended by high schools and also where firms accept science and engineering students semi-formally recommended by professors. The latter can be found where firms select among humanities, business and law college students who get in touch with firms which they know from various PR media such as recruitment magazines.Second, firms expended 694,000 Yen per one recruits mostly to run advertisement in various media. New school/college graduates who got jobs this year amounted to 1,554,000. Consequently, firms payd all in all over 1,000,00 … More 0,000,000 Yen to nourish their market channels.Third, notwithstanding this huge cost, market channels bring not so big benefits as those brought by institution channels. Those group of firms which depended most heavily on market channels could attain 92.1% success rate (recruited graduates/the planned figure), while those firms which depended least on market attained 83.6%. The lead is only 10%, and further, not significant statistically.In 1993, I then administered a questionnaire survey to 3,630 new college graduates concerning the cost of and subjective satisfaction from their job seeking activities. In all, 693 responded to it. Main finding from this survey can be summarized into three. First, on the average, they spared 28.8 days and used 55,000 Yen on their job seeking. Second, while those who sought jobs through market channels spended 34.6 days until the end of their activities, those who got jobs through institution channels spared 21.5 days which is significantly lesser than 34.6 days. Third, these two groups of graduates showed no difference as regards subjective satisfaction towards their job search activities. Both groups were commonly dissatisfied by the lack of the know-how to judge the contents of aspired firms, and also by ignorance about their own aptitudes.These two researches suggest that the huge cost which firms and students pay for market channels is almost an extravagant expenditure, and needs to be cut by active intervention of colleges in the way of scrupulous career guidance to their students. Less