A Study on the Cost and Benefit of Firms' Recruitment and Students' Job Seeking

1992年，我对全日本1683家公司进行了一项问卷调查，调查的内容是它们对中小学和大学应届毕业生招聘活动的成本和回报。总共有537家公司做出了回应。本次调查的主要发现可以概括为以下三点。首先，企业通过两个主要渠道雇佣应届毕业生，即机构和市场。前者可以在接受高中正式推荐的毕业生和接受教授半正式推荐的理工科学生的企业中找到。后者可以在企业从招聘杂志等各种公关媒体中了解企业的人文、经济、法律专业的学生中选择。其次，企业在每位员工身上花费了69.4万日元，主要用于在各种媒体上做广告。今年新就业的高校毕业生达155.4万人。因此，公司总共支付了超过10亿日元来滋养他们的市场渠道。第三，尽管成本巨大，但市场渠道带来的收益不如制度渠道带来的收益大。对市场渠道依赖程度最高的企业群体成功率（招聘毕业生/计划人数）为92.1%，对市场依赖程度最低的企业群体成功率为83.6%。仅领先10%，而且在统计上并不显著。1993年，我对3630名应届大学毕业生进行了一项关于求职活动成本和主观满意度的问卷调查。总共有693人作出了回应。这次调查的主要发现可以概括为三点。首先，他们平均节省了28.8天的时间，在求职上花费了5.5万日元。第二，通过市场渠道求职的人活动结束时间为34.6天，而通过机构渠道求职的人活动结束时间为21.5天，明显少于34.6天。第三，两组毕业生对求职活动的主观满意度没有差异。这两个群体普遍不满于缺乏判断有抱负的公司内容的知识，以及对自己能力的无知。这两项研究表明，企业和学生为市场渠道付出的巨大成本几乎是一种奢侈的支出，需要高校积极干预，以严谨的职业指导方式对学生进行削减。少

In 1992, I administered a questionnaire survey to 1,683 firms all over Japan on the cost and return of their recruiting activities towards new graduates from schools and colleges. In all, 537 firms responded to it. Main findings from this survey can be summarized into the following three points.First, firms hire new graduates through two main channels, namely through institutions and markets. The former can be found where firms accept graduates formaly recommended by high schools and also where firms accept science and engineering students semi-formally recommended by professors. The latter can be found where firms select among humanities, business and law college students who get in touch with firms which they know from various PR media such as recruitment magazines.Second, firms expended 694,000 Yen per one recruits mostly to run advertisement in various media. New school/college graduates who got jobs this year amounted to 1,554,000. Consequently, firms payd all in all over 1,000,00 … More 0,000,000 Yen to nourish their market channels.Third, notwithstanding this huge cost, market channels bring not so big benefits as those brought by institution channels. Those group of firms which depended most heavily on market channels could attain 92.1% success rate (recruited graduates/the planned figure), while those firms which depended least on market attained 83.6%. The lead is only 10%, and further, not significant statistically.In 1993, I then administered a questionnaire survey to 3,630 new college graduates concerning the cost of and subjective satisfaction from their job seeking activities. In all, 693 responded to it. Main finding from this survey can be summarized into three. First, on the average, they spared 28.8 days and used 55,000 Yen on their job seeking. Second, while those who sought jobs through market channels spended 34.6 days until the end of their activities, those who got jobs through institution channels spared 21.5 days which is significantly lesser than 34.6 days. Third, these two groups of graduates showed no difference as regards subjective satisfaction towards their job search activities. Both groups were commonly dissatisfied by the lack of the know-how to judge the contents of aspired firms, and also by ignorance about their own aptitudes.These two researches suggest that the huge cost which firms and students pay for market channels is almost an extravagant expenditure, and needs to be cut by active intervention of colleges in the way of scrupulous career guidance to their students. Less