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Ecophysiological studies on the mechanisms for appearance and disappearance of species in successional stages.

演替阶段物种出现和消失机制的生态生理学研究。

基本信息

批准号：
62480005
负责人：
IWAKI Hideo
金额：
$ 4.29万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Mechanisms for successional appearance, replacement.and disappearance of species were studied for three ecological scenes in common Successional processes in warm-temperate Japan: 1. cyclic replacement of species in anaquatic habitat; 2. invasion of heliophilic trees into Miscanthus sinensis grassland; 3. recruitment of pioneer trees from seeds in early secondary succession. Detailed measurements on temporal and micro-spatial heterogeneity of light environment within plant communities were performed to evaluate the distribution of the microsites in which seedlings of a certain species can survive and establish. Various physiological and life-history parameters associated with growth and reproduction were measured for Quercus serrata, a representative species invading into Miscanthus sinensis grassland, Nelumbo nucifera and Nuphar japonicum, the aquatic plants involving in the cyclic species-replacement in Lake Kasumigaura, and Rhus javanica and Mallotus japonica, typical pioneers appearing immediately after forest clearing or fire. The main results and conclusions are: 1. Biomass allocation and longevity of heterophylous leaves in the aquatic plants seem to play important roles in intra- and interspecific competition and occupation of two-dimensional life space in an aquatic habitat. 2. There is a great micro-spatial heterogeneity in light availability, within a Miscanthus sinensis canopy. Although, the microsites with 'Permissible light-availability levels for survival and establishment of Quercus serrata seedlings are relatively abundant, the survival and growth of the individual seedlings depend on the light availability level of the microsite. The large seed size and the morphological and growth responses to shading have important ecological significances in successful invasion of the species into the grassland. 3.Gap-detection in seed germination of pioneer tree species can effectively raise seedling fitness in gaps.

针对日本暖温带地区常见演替过程中的三个生态场景，研究了物种演替出现、更替和消失的机制： 1.水生生境物种的循环更替； 2、嗜日树侵入芒草草原； 3. 在次生演替早期从种子中招募先锋树。对植物群落内光环境的时空异质性进行详细测量，以评估特定物种幼苗生存和建立的微场所的分布。测定了入侵芒草草原的代表性物种锯叶栎、参与霞浦湖物种循环更替的水生植物以及随即出现的典型先驱者爪哇树和野桐的生长和繁殖的各种生理和生活史参数。森林砍伐或火灾后。主要结果和结论是： 1.水生植物异生叶的生物量分配和寿命似乎在水生生境中种内和种间竞争以及二维生命空间的占据中发挥着重要作用。 2. 芒草冠层内的光可用性存在很大的微空间异质性。尽管具有锯齿栎幼苗生存和建植的光照水平的微场地相对丰富，但个体幼苗的存活和生长取决于微场地的光照水平。种子的大尺寸以及对遮荫的形态和生长反应对于该物种成功入侵草原具有重要的生态意义。 3.先锋树种种子发芽间隙检测，可有效提高间隙幼苗的适应度。