"High resolution Spectroscopy in X-ray Astronomy

对于宇宙x射线观测中的高分辨率光谱，我们从使用反射光栅和多层涂层两种方法开始。光谱元素x射线测量系统的制备。我们提供了一个标准的x射线管在我们的实验室特征x射线和同步轨道辐射设备已用于详细测量。样品和检测级由计算机控制。微通道板可获得二维图像。多层镀膜反射光栅的发展多层镀膜反射光栅和多层镀膜反射光栅两种方法被合并到多层光栅中，实现了用一个元件同时获得反射率和分辨率的目的。我们将铂/碳多层涂层涂在商用反射光栅上。该元素对8.0 keV x射线的反射率在一阶为2%。这是第一次在如此高的能量下使用反射光栅进行探测，并将很快发表。离平面安装是一种很有前途的中等像质望远镜高分辨率安装技术。然而，测量的准备工作仍在进行中，结果将很快报告。在这个项目中，日本成功发射了一颗x射线天文卫星。人们更加清楚地认识到，要进入天体物理学的新时代，需要更高的分辨率。我们开始设计将于1999年发射的下一颗x射线卫星ASTRO-E。我们的光谱仪的发展必须与望远镜的光学设计相一致。

For high resolution spectroscopy in cosmic X-ray observations, we started with two approaches using reflective gratings and multilayr coatings.1.Preparation of X-ray measurement systems for spectroscopic elements.We provided a standard X-ray tube in our lab with characteristic X-rays and a synchrotron orbital radiation facility has been used for detail measurements. Sample and detector stages are controlled by computers. A micro-channel plate is available to obtain two dimensional images.2.Development of reflective gratings with multilayr coatingsTwo approaches with gratings and multilayr coatings are merged into the multilayr grating, in order to gain both reflectivity and resolution with one element. We put Pt/C multilayr coating on a commercial reflective grating. The reflectivity of this element with 8.0 keV X-rays was measured to be 2% at the first order. It is the first detection with reflective gratings at such high energies and will be published soon.Off-plane mount is a promising technique to obtain high resolution with medium image quality telescopes. However, preparation of measurement is still going on and results will be reported soon.During this project, a japanese X-ray Astronomy Satellite ASCA is successfully launched. It is more clearly recognized that better resolution is required for proceed new era of astrophysics. We started the design of the next X-ray satellite ASTRO-E to be launched in 1999. Developments of our spectrometer have to be in accordance with the optical design of the telescope.