Risk Assessment on Groudwater Contamination Accompanying with Soil Adsorption

本论文主要完成了以下几个方面的研究工作：（1）土壤颗粒、孔隙结构和吸附能力。(2)各污染物的吸附特性;（3）环境风险评价的质量控制。第一项活动得出的结论是：（1）土壤吸附量取一个恒定值，与含水饱和度无关，另一方面，土壤吸附量随含水饱和度的降低而增加。(2)本文提出了一种用注气法测定砂土孔隙度的新方法。（1）溶质组分的分配系数随其它共存组分浓度的增加而减小，以及（2）竞争吸附模型的建立表明，少量的吸附剂对背景组分的吸附特性没有影响，污染物的吸附，而背景组分吸附后，少量污染物的吸附量减少。第三，通过水箱模型的水量估算和土壤分室模型的水质估算进行。模拟结果表明，与土壤吸附和生物反应有关的参数对肥料运移的影响在环境风险评价中起着重要作用。

Research projects were accomplishied according to the following studies ; (1) Soil Particle, Pore Structure and Adsorption Capacity. (2) Adsorption Characteristics of Each Contaminants, and (3) Quality control for Environmental Risk Assessment.The first activity gave the conclusions ; (1) Soil adsorption took a constant value independent on water saturation, on the other hand, dispersibility increased with decreasing water saturation. (2) A new method was proposed to estimate the pore size of sand using an air permeability test with air injection.The results of the second activity were that ; (1) Distribution coefficient for a solute components took a small value with increasing the concentration of the other coexisting components, and (2) Modeling of competitive adsorption indicates that no change took place in adsorption characteristics of background components due to a small amount of contaminants adsorption, however, a small amount of contaminants adsorption decreased after background components adsorption.The third was performed by water quantity estimation of tank model and water quality of soil compartment model. The simulation results showed that the parameter relating to soil adsorption and biological reaction play an important role on transport of fertilizer for the environmental risk assessment.