Experimental Phenomenological Studies on Perpetual Organization

本研究拟从实验现象学和完形心理学的角度对知觉组织的各种形态进行描述，并对其中的基本原理进行实验性的检验，进而提出一个普遍而独特的知觉组织理论。同时也考察了描述性方法和现象学方法在知觉研究中的现代理论和方法论意义。我们的论点来源于各种实验结果，并在国际研讨会和科学协会的圆桌会议上积极讨论。这两个问题，理论或方法检验和实验证据，在我们的项目中被同等对待，通过不同现象的实验结果，如视觉运动，现象透明度，视觉分层，知觉对比，听觉流分离，事件知觉，包括“风”的知觉，传统的理论，特别是完形原则在知觉组织中的有效性和应用的局限性，进行了详细的检查，然后沿着几种现象包括一些听觉经验的新发现进行了部分修正。这些研究已经在技术期刊上发表，并在科学学会上发表。即使本项目所涉及的现象不一定是新的，但仍需要进一步的重新审查，如G。Kanizsa's demonstrations（1980）.目前，虽然描述性分析的重要性已被普遍认可，但大多数研究者似乎对生理模型或计算模型感兴趣。因此，这些知觉研究的方法有陷入古典科学主义或还原论的危险。总之，我们强调心理学中的知觉研究必须更多地是描述性的和经验性的，而不是生理性的或物理性的。

The present project was planned to describe the perceptual phenomena in various modalities and to examine experimentally the underlying principles from view point of the experimental phenomenology and Gestalt psychology, and then to propose a general and exclusive theory of perceptual organization. And also the modern theoretical and methodological significance of descriptive and phenomenological approaches in study of perception was examined. Our argument derived from various experimental results was presented and discussed actively in international symposium and round table conferences in scientific societies. These two problems, theoretical or methodological examination and experimental evidence, have been treated equally in our project.Through the results of experiments in different phenomena such as visual motion, phenomenal transparency, visual stratification, perceptual contrast, auditory stream segregation, and event perceptions including perception of "wind", the traditional theories, especially the validity and the limits of application of Gestalt principles in perceptual organization, were examined minutely and then partially revised along new findings in several phenomena including some auditory experiences. These studies have been published in the technical journals and presented in scientific societies.Even through the phenomena taken up in the present project are not necessary new ones, further reexamination is required as shown by G. Kanizsa's demonstrations (1980). Nowadays, while the importance of descriptive analysis is generally recognized, most of researchers seem to be interested in physiological models or computational models. Therefore, it should be taken heed that these approaches to perceptual research run a risk getting into the classical scientism or the reductionism. In conclusion we stressed that the study of perception in psychology must be more descriptive and experiential but not physiological or physical.