Structure and formation process of clathrate hydrate crystals in polar ice cores.

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Purpose of the present study is to clarify the structure and formatino process of clathrate hydrate crystals included in the Vostok ice cores. The results obtained are summarized as follows.(1) A picture of the whole transition process from air-bubbles to clathrate hydrates was obtained.(2) It was found that the average volume of the clathrate hydrates is well correlated wth the surface temperature of the ice sheet.(3) It was implied that air molecules are redistributed during the growth process of clathrate hydrates depending on their molecular sizes.(4) A layr structure of very small clathrate hydrate crystals was found in a cloudy band locating at a depth of the coldest period.(5) A new x-ray diffraction method was developed to make an efficient measurement of a clathrate hydrate distribution.