Bacterial Biomineralization and the Mechanism.

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Microorganisms are very important in all transport processes of elements in earth environmental systems. Microorganisms contribute particularly to the fixation of tremendous range of metals and minerals in contaminated areas. There are many examples of microbial remediation in the modern environments. In this projects, the mechanism of microorganisms for remediation of metal fixation is investigated for various cases, such as mining area, hot springs, sediments, and weatherd granit, by using electron microscopical techniques. Microorganisms exhibit a profound ability to bind metallic ions of Fe, Mn, Cu, U,and As, and this allows cell to serve directly as nucleation sites for biominerals. The biomineral deposits in bacterial intra-or extra-cell are shaped as crystals with a well-defined structure. The remediation appear applicable to a wide range of contaminants in natural environments. The results of biomineralization in the earth environmental system are reported in various international and national journals.