A comparative Mineralogy of airborne dusts in Korea and Japan

日本和韩国开展了一项联合研究，以调查酸雨的来源和大气污染造成的全球温室效应。重点分析了大气沙尘污染特征和西北冬季风对大气沙尘的远距离输送。采集了韩国首尔市和日本金泽市的大气粉尘和酸沉积物样品，对两个城市的大气污染状况进行了对比调查和评价，并通过NO2测量和扫描电子显微镜能谱分析，调查了这两个城市的NO2浓度、大气粉尘和酸沉积物的特征。首尔市上空的NO2浓度在0.0285-0.0845 ppm之间，这表明首尔市上空的空气污染严重，这可能主要是由汽车排放的废气造成的。扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析的结果表明，首尔地区采集的空气粉尘不仅由粘土矿物、…等土壤颗粒组成含有硫酸盐物质和锰等重金属的颗粒物数量更多，但也相当多，这表明存在人为污染源。特别是，扫描电子显微镜观察到含有S和钙的多孔球形粉尘，这些粉尘被认为是化石燃料燃烧的残留物。在金泽采集的酸性沉积物(冰雹)也显示了相当数量的以S和钙为主要成分的小球状尘埃。从这些与火山喷发形成的长柱状晶和针状晶完全不同的球形颗粒可以推测，这些含有S和钙的球形颗粒可能主要是工业活动造成的人为成因。以上含硫硫酸盐的酸性粒子容易凝聚成色核，是造成酸雨的原因之一。有必要考虑人为大气污染的全球循环和输送，并在更广泛的区域内调查污染源。较少

A co-research was conducted between Japan and Korea to investigate the origin of acid rain and global green house effect caused by atmospheric pollution. Emphases were placed on the characteristics of polluted atmospheric dust and long range transport of air dust by northwest winter monsoon. Air dust samples and acid deposits were collected from Seoul city, Korea and Kanazawa city, Japan to make comparable investigation and to evaluate the atmospheric pollution between two cities.Measurement of NO_2 and analysis by SEM with EDAX were carried out to survey the concentration of NO_2 and the characteristics of air dust and acid deposits both in two cities. NO_2 concentration over Seoul city ranges from 0.0285 ppm to 0.0845 ppm, suggesting a highly polluted air over Seoul city, which may be mainly caused by waste gases drainaged by automobiles. The result by SEM with EDAX analysis shows that air dust collected from Seoul area are composed of, not only soil particles such as clay minerals, … More but also considerable quantity of particles containing sulfuric materials and heavy metals such as Mn, suggesting a presence of anthropogenic polluted sources. Particularly, much porous spherical dust containing S and Ca were observed with SEM which are considered as residual materials from combustion of fossil fuel. Acid deposits (hails) collected from Kanazawa also show considerable amounts of small spherical dust containing S and Ca as main compositions. From spherical morphology of the particles different completely from normally occurred long columnar and needle crystals with an origin of volcanic eruption, we can infer that these spherical particles containing S and Ca may have an anthropogenic origin caused mainly by industrial activities. Above acid particles with sulfur of sulfate are easy to be condensed as colud nuclei, which is one of the origin resulting in acid rain. It is necessary to consider the global cycles and transport of anthropogenic air pollution and to investigate the pollution sources in wider area. Less