Evaluational Equipment for Biological Weathering.

生物风化评估设备。

• 批准号: 05554012
• 负责人: TAZAKI Kazue
• 金额: $ 9.15万
• 依托单位: Kanazawa University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05554012/
• 关键词: LV-Wet SEM-EDX; Microbial Mats; Bacteria; Biominerals; T.E.M.; Fe, Mn, Zn, U,As; Mining; Sediments; バイマット; 活性汚泥; 微生物腐食; ジャロサイト; アンモニオジャロサイト; トルコ石; 低真空走査型電顕

Abstract : Metal sorption and biomineralization largely reflect the availability of dissolved metals in hydrosphere systems. The metal-loaded bacteria has profound implications for the transfer of metals from the hydrosphere to the sediments. Microorganisms will have playd an important role in metal deposition under various temperature conditions. The microorganisms concentrate aqueous dissolved metals onto cell walls and at intracellular sites, during the life cycle, and strongly bind metals during early diagenesis. A sequence is observed in which amorphous cations concentrated at cell walls are progressively transformed to microcrystalline aggregates of carbonate, silicate, Mn-Fe oxides, and clay minerals. The bioprecipitated oxides and oxyhydroxides act as scavengers for heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sr, and U,in the aqueous toxic-metal dispersion environment. The biomineralization of bacterial cells has been followed in a laboratory simulation by electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Several kinds of bacteria were examined for the ability to remove heavy metals from solution. SEM-EDX,TEM,XRF and XRD results indicated that most of metals accumulated at the cell surface as crystalline precipitates after several days of aging.

摘要：金属吸附和生物矿化在很大程度上反映了水圈系统中溶解金属的有效性。这种携带金属的细菌对金属从水圈到沉积物的转移有着深远的影响。在各种温度条件下，微生物将在金属沉积过程中发挥重要作用。在生命周期中，微生物将溶解在水中的金属浓缩到细胞壁和细胞内的位置，并在早期成岩过程中强烈结合金属。观察到了一个序列，在这个序列中，集中在细胞壁的无定形阳离子逐渐转化为碳酸盐、硅酸盐、锰铁氧化物和粘土矿物的微晶聚集体。生物沉淀氧化物和氢氧化物在水中有毒金属分散环境中对重金属如铜、铅、锌、镉、锶和铀具有清除作用。通过电子显微镜和能量色散X射线光谱仪在实验室模拟中跟踪了细菌细胞的生物矿化过程。对几种细菌去除溶液中重金属的能力进行了检测。扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线荧光光谱和X射线衍射仪结果表明，老化几天后，大部分金属以晶态析出物的形式聚集在细胞表面。

项目成果

田崎和江,周国平,牧野裕,: "河川の生物地球科学-金沢市の河川の環境を例として-" 地質学雑誌. (査読中). (1996)

Kazue Tasaki、Kunihira Shu、Yutaka Makino：“河流生物地球科学 - 以金泽市河流环境为例”地质杂志（1996 年）。

北世晃一・岡崎和江: "大気汚染物資の植物への影響実験(印刷中)" 金沢大学附属植物園報告. 1996.

Koichi Kitase 和 Kazue Okazaki：“空气污染物对植物影响的实验（正在出版）”金泽大学植物园报告，1996 年。

Tazaki,K.,Zhou,G.and Koiwasaki,K.20GB21:Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of biomats from the mining and drainage area.: The Science Reports of Kanazawa University,. 39,. 47-63. (1994)

Tazaki，K.，Zhou，G.和Koiwasaki，K.20GB21：采矿和流域生物垫的矿物学和化学特征。：金泽大学科学报告，。

Tazaki,K.,and W.S.Fyfe: "Biomineralization of iron in ammonite. Proceeding of Inter.Cong." Biomineralization in Monaco. (in press).(1995)

Tazaki,K. 和 W.S.Fyfe：“菊石中铁的生物矿化。Inter.Cong 论文集”。

堀坂明生,田崎和江,野田修司: "生体鉱物化作用によるパイライトの生成." 粘土科学,. 33,. 36-43. (1993)

Akio Horisaka、Kazue Tasaki、Shuji Noda：“通过生物矿化生成黄铁矿”，33, 36-43 (1993)。