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Mutational and tissue culture analysis of regulatory mechanism in rice embryogenesis

水稻胚胎发生调控机制的突变和组织培养分析

基本信息

批准号：
04454039
负责人：
NAGATO Yasuo
金额：
$ 4.35万
依托单位：
University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04454039/
关键词：
Rice Embryogenesis Mutation Adventitious embryo Regulatory mechanism Tissue culture 器官分化シュート根

项目摘要

To date, we have identified 150 single, recessive mutations affecting embryogenesis in rice. Phenotypic characterization enabled them to be categorized into seven groups. 1. lethality at the early globular stage, 2. deletion of basal region, 3. deletion of ogans, 4. modified embryo size, 5. abnormal organ position, 6. abnormal mprphology of organs, and 7. variable abnormal phenotypes in spite of single nutation. This categorization indicates at least five regulatory processes are operating during embryogenesis : 1. pattern formation, 2. determination of organ differentiation, 3. regulation of embryo size, 4. regulation of organ position, and 5. morphogenesis of organs. In each process, two types of genes are detected ; one functioning in the whole embryo and the other functioning locally, in a specific organ. The present study also revealed that embryo size was controlled in two ways. When endosperm is reduced by the mutation of endosperm-specific gene, scutellum becomes giant without affecting shoot and root sizes. On the other hand, embryo-specific genes thus far identified regulate every organ size.We have isolated a clone which was expressed specifically in the callus cultured for seven days on a embryo-inducing medium. This clone is expressed in zygotic embryo but not in shoots, roots or flowers. another clone is expressed commonly in embryo-inducing medium and adventitious bud-inducing medium, but not callus-inducing medium. These two clones would play important roles in embryogenesis and organ differentiation.

到目前为止，我们已经确定了150个单，隐性突变影响水稻胚胎发生。表型特征使他们被分为七组。1.早期球形阶段的致死率，2.缺失基底区，3.删除ogans，4.改良的胚胎大小，5.器官位置异常; 6.器官形态异常; 7.变异异常表型，尽管单章动。这种分类表明在胚胎发生过程中至少有五个调节过程：1。图案形成，2.器官分化的确定，3.胚胎大小的调节，4.器官位置的调节，以及5.器官的形态发生在每个过程中，检测到两种类型的基因;一种在整个胚胎中发挥作用，另一种在特定器官中发挥局部作用。目前的研究还表明，胚胎大小是通过两种方式控制的。当胚乳特异基因突变使胚乳减少时，盾片变得巨大，而不影响地上部和根的大小。另一方面，胚胎特异性基因，迄今已确定的调节每个器官的大小。我们已经分离出一个克隆，它是在愈伤组织中的胚胎诱导培养基上培养了7天的特异性表达。该克隆在合子胚中表达，但在芽、根和花中不表达。另一个克隆在胚诱导培养基和不定芽诱导培养基中普遍表达，但在愈伤组织诱导培养基中不表达。这两个克隆在胚胎发生和器官分化中具有重要作用。