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Regulation of early embryogenesis in crops

作物早期胚胎发生的调控

基本信息

批准号：
62480031
负责人：
NAGATO Yasuo
金额：
$ 4.03万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62480031/
关键词：
embryogenesis organ differentiation embryo culture mutation apomixis rice Chinese chive 不定胚発生

项目摘要

We have identified in total 28 single-gene, recessive mutants on embryogenesis. They were characterized anatomically and classified into several groups; 1.lethal at the early globular stage, 2.arrested at the globular stage, 3.arrested at the early differentiation stage, 4.abnormal organ position, 5.shootless, 6.abnormal organ morphology, 7.reduced embryo size, and 8.wide phenotypic variation. Of them, group2 mutants were examined histochemically to know they were lethal or not. They all showed glutamic dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities even after the imbibition of water by dry seed, indicating that they were not lethal but changed their developmental pathway not to differentiate any organ. Group8 mutants showing wide phenotypes in spite of single mutation are considered to be mutants of regulatory genes each regulating the expressions of several developmental genes. It is considered that organ differentiation during embryogenesis is performed through the hierarchical regulation of expressions of many stage- and/or tissue specific genes.We tried to culture young embryos under various combinations of IAA and kinetin and a seedling was obtained from coleoptilar embryo fo 0.18mm long cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1O-7M kinetin and without IAA. Further, we examined the conditions for culturing smaller embryos. Nurse culture using 0c cell line enabled to obtain seedling from 0.12 mm long embryo without plant hormones. Also it was revealed that high osmotic pressure was effective for culturing smaller embryos.As for apomixis, we estimated the degree of parthenogenetic development in Chinese chive. Most cultivars examined showed high degree of parthenogenetic development of more than 90%. The degree of apomixis, which was a combined result of unreduced embryosac formation and parhtenogenesis, was also higher than 90% in most cultivars.

我们共鉴定了28个单基因隐性突变体。它们的解剖学特征和分为几组：1.致死在球形早期，2.停止在球形阶段，3.停止在早期分化阶段，4.器官位置异常，5.无茎，6.器官形态异常，7.胚胎大小减少，和8.广泛的表型变异。对其中的第2组突变体进行组织化学检测，以了解它们是否具有致死性。它们都表现出谷氨酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶活性，即使在干种子吸水后，表明它们不是致命的，但改变了它们的发育途径，不分化任何器官。第8组突变体尽管是单个突变，但表现出广泛的表型，被认为是调节基因的突变体，每个调节基因调节几个发育基因的表达。我们尝试在不同的IAA和激动素组合下培养幼胚，在MS +10 - 7 M激动素+不含IAA的培养基上培养0.18mm长的胚芽鞘胚，获得了一株幼苗。此外，我们还研究了培养较小胚胎的条件。用0 c细胞系进行芽苗培养，在不加激素的情况下，可从0.12mm长的胚获得幼苗。在无融合生殖方面，我们估计了韭菜孤雌生殖发育的程度。大多数品种表现出高度的孤雌生殖发育超过90%。大多数品种的无融合生殖程度也高于90%，无融合生殖是胚囊形成和孤雌生殖共同作用的结果。