Locational and Behavioral Modelling of Regional Facilities.

本研究旨在透过建立区位决定因素模型与消费者购物行为模型，探讨零售设施地理分布之时空变迁。假设零售设施的地理分布是零售商利润最大化和消费者福利最大化均衡的结果，通过数值分析对模型进行了校准。首先，我们分析了茨木县1970-1991年期间零售设施的总建筑面积和商店总数的地理分布变化。然而，普通的横截面模型只能解释某一年的区域间差异，无法捕捉零售设施的时间发展动态。因此，我们制定了一个位置趋势模型，使用同期的面板数据。该面板模型既能评估地区间差异，又能评估地区内随时间的变化。其次，在多功能购物的背景下，分析了消费者购物行为对零售设施选址的影响。建立了单目的和多目的出行的最优频率模型，并推导出多目的购物度。结果表明，消费者的空间行为是他们的位置相对于零售设施的功能。这一分析，然后利用作为输入的零售商的利润最大化方程。

The purpose of this study is to elucidate spatio-temporal changes of geographical retail facilities distribution by means of formulating a locational determinant model and a consumer's shopping behavior model. Under the assumption that the geographic distribution of retail facilities is a result of the equilibrium of retailer's profit maximization and consumer's welfare maximization, the model is calibrated through the use of numerical analysis.Firstly, we analyze changes in the geographic distribution of retail facilities in terms of total floor space and total number of shops over the period 1970-1991 in Ibaraki Prefecture. However, ordinary cross-sectional models explain only interregional differences at a certain year and cannot capture the dynamics of temporal developments in retail facilities. We therefore formulate a location trend model, using panel data over the same period. This panel model can evaluate both inter-regional differences and intra-regional changes over time.Secondly, we analyze how the shopping behavior of consumers influences upon the retail facility location within the context of multi-purpose shopping. We make a model of optimal frequencies of single-and multi-purpose trips and derive the degree of multi-purpose shopping. It is shown that consumer's spatial behavior is a function of their locations relative to retail facilities. This analysisis then utilized as an input to the profit-maximizing equation of retailers.