A Planning Study on Reorganization of Public Service Facilities Corresponding to Changes of Social Structure

本研究试图在我国社区人口和社会结构快速变化的背景下，对区域社区设施的重组模式有一个基本的认识。本文的研究分为三个部分：精确描述1970 - 1999年武藏野市木城寺地区城市社区的变化；调查同一地区健康、活跃老年人的邻里行为模式；建立公办托儿所提供与城市地区妇女生育和劳动参与行为的模型。结果表明：1)从分类电话簿和居民地图上收集了1970年、1980年、1990年和1999年30种类型的商店和服务设施的位置。收集到的数据被组织成地理数据库，可以区分新开设施和退出设施。我们将这些设施从设施数量的分布到三个距离度量进行分类；到最近车站的距离，最近设施之间的距离，以及到主干道的距离。得到4 ~ 5个集群。2)大多数活跃的老年人通常早早离开家，而不是在一天的晚些时候。平均而言，他们步行和骑自行车的距离为1600米。与选择最短距离相比，这种往返或圆周运动约占所覆盖总距离的四分之一。3)通过对日本所有城市的变异结构分析，我们发现，扩大城市公共托儿所的提供水平是一项可取的社会政策，它使女性有可能同时追求事业和家庭。第二，明确了城市妇女劳动参与率越高，生育行为越受促进。

This research attempts to gain a fundamental knowledge of reorganization pattern of regional comunitiy facilities given the rapidly changing population and social structure of our community. Our research consists of three part : precise description of urban community changes between 1970 and 1999 in Kichijoji region of Musashino City, survey of neighborhood behavior patterns of healthy, active elderly in the same region, and model building of public nursery provision and women's behavior towards childbearing and labor participation in urban areas. Our empirical results can be summarized as follows :1) 30 types of store and service facilities' locations at 1970, 1980, 1990, and 1999 are collected from classified telephone directories and residential maps. Collected data are organized as geographic database which can distinguish newly opened facilities and facilities withdrawn. We classify these facilities from the distribution of the number of facilities to three distance measure ; distance from nearest stations, distance between nearest facilities, and distance to the trunk road. Four or five clusters are obtained.2) That most active elderly people usually leave homes early as opposed to later in the day. On average, they travel a distance of 1,600m by walking and by bicycle. That round trip or circular movement accounted for about a quarter of all total distance covered as against the choice of the shortest distance.3) Using cavariance structure analysis of all Japanese cities, we have found that the expansion of the level of public nursery provision in urban areas is one of the desirable social policies, which make possible for women to pursue careers and raise families simultaneously. Second, it was clarified that the higher is women's labor participation in urban areas, the more promoted is fertility behavior.