Fundamental study on in situ monitoring of environmental mutagens with Tradescantia

紫露草原位监测环境诱变剂的基础研究

• 批准号: 05454607
• 负责人: ICHIKAWA Sadao
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: Saitama University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05454607/
• 关键词: Tradescantia; Environmental mutagens; Synergistic effects; In situ monitoring; アルキル化剤; 体細胞突然変異; 変異原性テスト

This study was carried out in 1993 to 1995 using the stamen hairs of Tradescantia, in order to investigate (1) the mutagenicities of alkylating agents and their synergistic effects with X rays, (2) the mutagenicity of maleic hydrazide (being used as herbicide) and its interactions with X rays, (3) the mutagenicities of air pollutants, and (4) variation of spontaneous mutation frequency, as well as to develop (5) a new testing system.As for (1), the mutagenicities of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), dimethyl sulfate (DMS), N-ethyl-N-nitrosoures (ENU) and N-methl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) were determined, and EMS,MMS,DMS and MNU were confirmed to show clear synergistic effects with X rays. Concerning (2), maleic hydrazide (MH), a promutagen, was found to be activated into a mutagen in Tradescantia cells by peroxidase, and to act both antagonistically and synergistically with X rays when the activation of MH was inhibited and not inhibited by X rays, respectively. As for (3), treatments with nitrogen dioxide in nitrogen or air/nitrogen mixtures were conducted using a gas exposing chamber, but inconsistent results were obtained. The effect of ozone is now being investigated. About (4), a certain extent of variation in spontaneous mutation frequency due to temperature conditions was confirmed. Concerning (5), young inflorescence-bearing shoots with roots of clone BNL 4430 cultivated in the nutrient solution circulating growth chamber were found to be the most efficient materials for mutagenicity testings.

为了研究(1)烷基化剂的诱变性及其与X射线的协同作用，(2)作为除草剂的马来酰肼的诱变性及其与X射线的相互作用，(3)空气污染物的诱变性，(4)自发突变频率的变化，并建立(5)一种新的检测系统。(1)测定了甲磺酸乙酯（EMS）、甲磺酸甲酯（MMS）、硫酸二甲酯（DMS）、n -乙基-n -亚硝基源（ENU）和n -甲基-n -亚硝基源（MNU）的致突变性，并通过X射线证实了EMS、MMS、DMS和MNU具有明显的协同效应。在(2)中，发现促生原马来酰肼（MH）在Tradescantia细胞中被过氧化物酶激活为诱变原，在X射线抑制和不抑制MH的激活时，分别与X射线产生拮抗和协同作用。对于(3)，在气体暴露室中使用氮气或空气/氮气混合物中的二氧化氮处理，但得到的结果不一致。现在正在研究臭氧的影响。大约(4)，证实了温度条件对自发突变频率有一定程度的影响。在(5)中，无性系BNL 4430在营养液循环生长室中培养的带根花序幼枝是最有效的诱变试验材料。

项目成果

Sanda-Kamigawa M. and Ichikawa S.: "Identity of normal and mutant flower-color pigments in four different Tradescantia clones confirmed by means of microspectrophotometry" Jpn. J. Genet.68. 137-145 (1993)

Sanda-Kamikawa M. 和 Ichikawa S.：“通过显微分光光度法确认四种不同紫露草克隆中正常和突变花色色素的身份”Jpn。

Shima, N.and Ichikawa, S.: "Mutagenic synergisms detected between dimethyl sulfate and X-rays but not found between N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and X-rays in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone BNL 4430" Mutat.Res.331. 79-87 (1995)

Shima, N. 和 Ichikawa, S.：“在硫酸二甲酯和 X 射线之间检测到诱变协同作用，但在紫露草克隆 BNL 4430 的雄蕊毛中，在 N-甲基-N-亚硝基脲和 X 射线之间未发现诱变协同作用”Mutat.Res。

肖 玲芝: "Mutagenic interactions between maleic hydrazide and X rays in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone BNL 4430." Jpn. J. Genet.70. 473-485 (1995)

Lingzhi Shaw：“Tradescantia 克隆 BNL 4430 雄蕊毛中马来酰肼和 X 射线之间的诱变相互作用。J. Genet.70 (1995)。

Ichikawa, S., Yamaguchi, A.and Okumura, M.: "Synergistic effects of methyl methanesulfonate and X rays in inducing somatic mutations in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clones, KU27 and BNL 4430" Jpn.J.Genet. 68. 277-292 (1993)

Ichikawa, S.、Yamaguchi, A. 和 Okumura, M.：“甲磺酸甲酯和 X 射线在诱导紫露草克隆 KU27 和 BNL 4430 雄蕊毛体细胞突变中的协同作用”Jpn.J.Genet。

Ichikawa, S., Nakano, A., Kenmochi, M., Yamamoto, I., Murai, M., Takahashi, E., Yamaguchi, A., Watanabe, K., Tomiyama, M., Sugiyama, K., Yogo, A., Yazaki, T., Okumura, M., Shima, N., Satoh, M., Yoshimoto, M.and Xiao, L.Z.: "Yearly variation of spontaneous

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