Genetic divergence of intraspecific aneuploids in Carex conica.

测定了日本 146 个种群的 1556 株圆锥苔草植物的染色体数。发现了七个非整倍体，2n=32、33、34、35、36、37和38。偶数二倍体染色体数2n=32,34和36的植物最常见，并且具有不同的地理分布。通过九个酶系统的电泳分析，检查了 C.conica 的四个非整倍体（2n=32、34、36 和 38）的遗传分化。使用水平聚丙烯酰胺凝胶进行电泳。对九个酶系统的十个可解释​​基因座进行了评分。计算每个群体的等位酶频率。根据等位基因频率计算 17 个种群之间的遗传距离 (Nei, 1972)。使用 NJ 和 Fitch-Margoliash 方法通过对遗传距离进行聚类来确定种群之间的关系。识别出四个集群：（1）来自濑户内海沿海地区的2n=32，（2）来自日本本州东部的2n=34，（3）来自中国、四国和九州山区的2n=36，（4）来自枥木县的2n=38。 20个2n=36群体中的种内遗传距离（0.113）和24个2n=34群体中的种内遗传距离（0.099）较高，而14个2n=32群体中的种内遗传距离（0.039）和2个2n=38群体中的种内遗传距离（0.030）较低。这些结果表明 2n=32 和 2n=38 植物在最近的物种形成中已经分化。

Chromosome numbers were determined for 1556 plants of Carex conica from 146 populations in Japan. Seven aneuploids, 2n=32,33,34,35,36,37 and 38, were found. Plants with even diploid chromosome numbers 2n=32,34 and 36 were the most common and had different geographical distributions. Genetic divergence was examined in the four aneuploids of C.conica (2n=32,34,36 and 38) by electrophoretic analysis of nine enzyme systems. Horizontal polyacrylamide gel was used for electrophoresis. Ten interpretable loci were scored for nine enzyme systems. Allozyme frequencies were calculated for each population. Genetic distances (Nei, 1972) among 17 populations were calculated from the allele frequencies. Relationships among populations were determined by clustering the genetic distances using NJ and Fitch-Margoliash methods. Four clusters were recognized : (1) 2n=32 from coastal areas of Seto Inland Sea, (2) 2n=34 from eastern Honshu of Japan, (3) 2n=36 from the mountainous areas of Chugoku, Shikoku and Kyushu, (4) 2n=38 from Tochigi Prefecture. Intraspecific genetic distances among 20 populations of 2n=36 (0.113) and 24 of 2n=34 (0.099) were relatively high, but 14 of 2n=32 (0.039) and two of 2n=38 (0.030) were low. These results suggested that 2n=32 and 2n=38 plants have been differentiated in recent speciation.