What citizens want from deliberative forms of participation: mapping legitimacy perceptions with an online survey and a preference experiment

公民希望从协商形式的参与中得到什么：通过在线调查和偏好实验绘制合法性认知

• 批准号: 432370948
• 负责人: Professor Dr. André Bächtiger
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung für Politische Theorie und Empirische Demokratieforschung (SOWI II)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/432370948?language=en
• 关键词: What; citizens; want; deliberative; forms

What do citizens want from deliberative forms of participation, such as citizen juries or mini-publics? Deliberative forms of citizen participation have moved to the forefront of democracy research in past years. Their promise is to enhance to the legitimacy of democratic decision-making processes and policy outcomes. At the same time, critics have argued that deliberative forms of citizen participation privilege already advantaged citizens, lack decisiveness and do not affect public discourse. Cristina Lafont has provided the most fundamental attack on deliberative forms of participation: she argues that deliberative mini-publics lack democratic legitimacy since only few citizens participate and make decisions while not being democratically accountable to non-participating citizens.The project asks whether non-participating citizens actually perceive such a legitimacy problem. In a first step, the project evaluates whether citizens have a basic preference for deliberative forms of participation. In a second step, it analyses the design criteria of deliberative participation – recruitment, group composition and size, discussion format, decision-making and authorization – and their effects on legitimacy perceptions of non-participating citizens (in conjunction with their preferences and expectations). Overall, the project evaluates whether and under what conditions citizens view deliberative participation as a legitimate form of governance. It provides answers to three research questions:1. Which general preferences and expectations do citizens have for deliberative forms of participation (demand)?2. What design criteria enhance the legitimacy of the latter (supply)?3. How does information on deliberative forms of participation and its design criteria affect the legitimacy perceptions of citizens (knowledge)?These research questions will be explored on the basis of an online survey with a preference experiment (paired conjoint design) in Germany. Participants will be presented with descriptions of hypothetical deliberative participation scenarios, randomly varying the above-mentioned design criteria (recruitment, authorization etc) as well as issue type (high vs. low salience) and outcome favourability. Furthermore, participants will be randomly allocated to two groups: one group gets a glossary plus information on the pros and cons of deliberative participation and its design criteria; the other group only gets a glossary.The project is the first to map preferences and expectations of citizens vis-à-vis deliberative forms of participation as well as analysing their legitimacy perceptions in conjunction with design criteria.

公民希望从协商形式的参与中获得什么，例如公民陪审团或小型公共机构？在过去的几年里，公民参与的协商形式已经走到了民主研究的前沿。他们的承诺是提高民主决策过程和政策结果的合法性。与此同时，批评人士认为，公民参与特权的审议形式已经对公民有利，缺乏决定性，不会影响公共话语。克里斯蒂娜·拉丰对协商参与形式提出了最根本的攻击：她认为，协商的微型公共机构缺乏民主合法性，因为只有少数公民参与并做出决定，而不对没有参与的公民承担民主责任。该项目询问没有参与的公民是否真的意识到了这样的合法性问题。在第一步中，该项目评估公民是否对审议形式的参与有基本偏好。在第二步中，分析了协商参与的设计标准--招募、小组组成和规模、讨论形式、决策和授权--及其对没有参与的公民的合法性认知的影响(结合他们的偏好和期望)。总体而言，该项目评估公民是否以及在何种条件下将协商参与视为一种合法的治理形式。它回答了三个研究问题：1.公民对协商参与形式(需求)有哪些普遍偏好和期望？2.什么设计标准增强了后者的合法性(供给)？3.关于协商参与形式及其设计标准的信息如何影响公民(知识)的合法性感知？这些研究问题将基于德国的在线调查和偏好实验(配对联合设计)进行探索。参与者将看到假想的审议参与情景的描述，随机变化上述设计标准(招聘、授权等)以及问题类型(高与低突出度)和结果有利度。此外，参与者将被随机分配到两组：一组获得词汇表，外加关于协商参与的利弊及其设计标准的信息；另一组只获得词汇表。该项目首次绘制出公民对协商参与形式的偏好和期望，并结合设计标准分析他们对合法性的看法。