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Ammoniation of barley and rice straw : effect on anatomical and physicochemical characteristics of the cell walls.

大麦和稻草的氨化：对细胞壁解剖和物理化学特性的影响。

基本信息

批准号：
05660309
负责人：
GOTO Masakazu
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Mie University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05660309/
关键词：
ammonia treatment rice straw cell wall structure UV spectrometry cellulose crystallinity SEM and TEM observations lignin structure luminal degradability 細胞壁構造 X線回析セルロース結晶化度リグニン繊維質消化率

项目摘要

The objective of this study was to investigate changes in chemical and structural features of the cell walls in barley (Hordium vulgare L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) following treatment with ammonia (30g NH_3 kg^<-1> straw) and to relate to the improvement in cell wall degradability by rumen micrrorganisms.Stem specimens of untreated and ammonia-treated straw were prepared for SEM and TEM observations. Water- and methanol-extracts of finely ground stem samples were subjected to IR spectrometry and appropriate chemical analysis. The X-ray diffraction patterns, water-holding capacity and swollen volume were also examined.Changes in chemical composition of barley straw following the treatment were seen as an increase in the nitrogen content of the cell wall fraction and as a partial loss of ester-linked phenolic acids and acetyl groups. Ammonia treatment promoted access by rumen microorganisms to the luminal surface of parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells apparently due to an alteration in the fragility of a thinner, rigid layr covering the inner surface of cell walls. Two measures of the X-ray diffraction pattern in treated straw indicated that treatment of barley straws produced a significant reduction in crystallinity index values of 14-24%. The water retention of the treated barley straw was 30% greater than that of the untreated straw following centrifugation at 300g and 3000g. A slightly higher swollen volume was also observed for water-saturated ammonia-treated barley straw, although the difference was not significant. It is suggested that two major consequences of treatment, the effect of ammonia as weak base on ester bonding within the cell wall and the ability of ammonia in an undissociated form to affect cellulose crystallinity, combine to increase the degradability of the treated straw.

本研究的目的是研究大麦（Hordium vulgare L.）和水稻（Oryza sativa L.）用氨处理秸秆（30gNH_3kg·kg·<-1>秸秆）后，瘤胃微生物对秸秆细胞壁降解率的影响。细磨茎样品的水和甲醇提取物进行红外光谱和适当的化学分析。X-射线衍射图谱，持水量和溶胀体积也examined.Changes大麦秸秆的化学组成的处理后，被看作是在细胞壁馏分的氮含量的增加，并作为酯连接的酚酸和乙酰基的部分损失。氨处理促进了瘤胃微生物进入薄壁组织和厚壁组织细胞的腔表面，这显然是由于覆盖细胞壁内表面的较薄的刚性层的脆性的改变。两个措施的X-射线衍射图案在处理过的秸秆表明，大麦秸秆的治疗产生了显着的降低结晶度指数值的14- 24%。在300 g和3000 g离心后，处理过的大麦秆的保水性比未处理的大麦秆的保水性高30%。一个稍高的溶胀体积也观察到水饱和氨处理的大麦秆，虽然差异不显着。建议处理的两个主要后果，氨作为弱碱对细胞壁内酯键的影响和氨以未解离形式影响纤维素结晶度的能力，联合收割机结合以增加处理后秸秆的降解性。