The Making of a Mother Tongue: Standardizing European Minor Languages - The Case of Occitan, Yiddish, and Belarusian

母语的形成：标准化欧洲小语种——以奥克西唐语、意第绪语和白俄罗斯语为例

• 批准号: 432697506
• 负责人: Dr. Martina Niedhammer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Collegium Carolinum - Forschungsinstitut für die Geschichte Tschechiens und der Slowakei
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/432697506?language=en
• 关键词: Making; Mother; Tongue; Standardizing; European

The project aims at analysing the process of standardization of three "minor" European languages (Occitan, Yiddish, and Belarusian) in an interdisciplinary way that combines both historiographic methods and linguistic sources (dictionaries, terminologies etc.). It is taking a fresh look at nation and region building processes in Europe during the 19th and early 20th centuries. On the one hand, the project focuses on the constructivist character of language, which is rarely noticed, by asking about the language planning strategies that language activists chose to promote "their" language in society. With the help of binding norms for spelling and grammar as well as specific vocabulary enrichment, they attempted to create a uniform language standard (corpus planning). At the same time, they tried to enforce this standard among speakers who knew only little about their mother tongue and hardly ever used it for the purpose of writing (status planning). On the other hand, the project wants to counteract a common tendency of nationalism and regionalism studies: to focus either on Western or Eastern Europe. Therefore, it is undertaking a "determination of difference" (Ulrike von Hirschhausen / Jörn Leonhard), i. e. a systematic comparative study of "minor" languages in "West" and "East" on the basis of selected parameters. According to the thesis, this can reveal surprising similarities between "Western" and "Eastern" processes of collective linguistic identity formation and thus make the diversity of national and regional language movements visible as a pan-European phenomenon.

该项目旨在以跨学科的方式分析欧洲三种“次要”语言(欧西坦语、意第绪语和白俄罗斯语)的标准化进程，将历史学方法和语言来源(词典、术语等)结合起来。它重新审视了19世纪和20世纪初欧洲国家和地区的建设过程。一方面，该项目关注语言的建构主义特征，通过询问语言活动家选择了哪些语言规划策略来在社会上推广他们的语言，这一点很少被注意到。在拼写和语法的约束性规范以及特定词汇丰富的帮助下，他们试图创建一个统一的语言标准(语料库规划)。与此同时，他们试图在对母语知之甚少、几乎从未将母语用于写作目的(地位规划)的说话者中强制执行这一标准。另一方面，该项目想要抵消民族主义和地区主义研究的一个共同倾向：要么关注西欧，要么关注东欧。因此，它正在进行一项“差异的确定”(Ulrike von Hirschhausen/Jörn Leonhard)，即根据选定的参数对“西方”和“东方”的“次要”语言进行系统的比较研究。根据这篇论文，这可以揭示“西方”和“东方”集体语言认同形成过程的惊人相似之处，从而使国家和地区语言运动的多样性成为一种泛欧洲现象。