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THE INFLUENCE OF FRENCH GYMNASTICS ON THE FORMULATION OF MODERN JAPANESE PHYSICAL EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE MEIJI ERA.

明治时代法国体操对日本近代体育教育体系形成的影响

基本信息

批准号：
05680079
负责人：
OKUBO Hideaki
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
KANAZAWA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05680079/
关键词：
A PARTY OF FRENCH MILITARY ADVISERS HISTORY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN MODERN JAPAN INSTURUCTION POUR L'ENSEIGNEMENT DE LA GYMNASTIQUE HAYASHI SHOJURO MOKUBA NO SHO (THE BOOK OF WOODEN HORSE)木馬之書フランス体育大阪兵学寮体操教範フランス軍事顧問団

项目摘要

This research is concemed with following two points. One of which is the contents of French Gymnastics which were introduced into Japan during the end of the Edo period and to the Meiji era. The other is their influence on the growth of the modern physical education in Japan.In 1866, a party of French military advisers, whose leader was Charles Sulpice Chanoine, were called in by the Tokugawa Shogunate, and they brought in the French Army's textbook on gymnastics instruction "Ministere de la guerre (1st Ed.1847) : Instruction pour l'enseignement de la gymnastique". The contents of this book can be classified roughly as follows : exercices elementaires (exercices plus particulierement propres a l'assouplissement ; equilibres ; developpment elementaire de la force des muscles ; exercices du chant), and exercices d'application (franchir des fosses, des ravins, etc. ; escalades ; courses ; voltige). They also contained the designs, layout and descriptions of 31 kinds of gymnastic apparatus … More es, for example baares parallieles fixes, cheval, perche, octgone, etc. From them, the French advisers adopted some of the gymnastics and instructed Japanese soldiers in them as their training. "Mokuba no Sho" is about the Wooden Horse exercise and a translation of part of the "Instruction". The translator, Hayashi Shojuro, was a professor at Kaiseisho and also acted as interpreter for the Japanese army at that time. His translation is faithful to the original, so the book is highly estimated. In addition, it is recognized as the first definitive study of the modern Japanese physical education.The adoption of French gymnastics by the party motivated its study in Japan, and it was taken over by some official military organizations, for example Osaka naval academiy (Osaka heigakuryo) or Toyama naval academy (Rikugun Toyama Gakko) etc. Consequently, many books about French gymnastics were translated into Japanese. From these translations, the Ministry of Education nominated "Taisou no Sho" as a school textbook in 1874 (Meiji 7) and "Taisou Kyouhan" as a military guidebook in 1875 (Meiji 18). Both of them had a great influence on the evolution of modern Japanese physical education system in the Meiji era. Less

本研究主要关注以下两点。其中之一就是江户时代末期到明治时代传入日本的法国体操的内容。二是对日本现代体育教育发展的影响。1866年，以夏尔·苏尔皮斯·查诺万为首的法国军事顾问团受德川幕府之召，引进了法军体操教学教科书《Ministere de la guerre (1st Ed.1847) : Direction pour l'enseignement de lagynastique》。本书的内容大致可分为以下几类：基本练习（练习加特殊练习、均衡、肌肉力量发展、吟唱练习）和应用练习（franchir des fosses、des ravins 等；升级、课程、电压）。其中还包含了31种体操器械的设计、布局和描述，例如baares parallieles Fix、cheval、perche、octgone等。法国顾问从中借鉴了一些体操，并指导日本士兵进行训练。《木马之章》是关于木马练习的内容，也是《指令》部分内容的翻译。翻译者林正十郎是开成商学院的教授，同时也担任当时日军的翻译。他的翻译忠实于原文，因此该书评价很高。此外，它被认为是日本近代体育学的第一个权威研究。党对法国体操的采用促使其在日本的学习，并被一些官方军事机构接管，例如大阪海军学校（Osaka heigakuryo）或富山海军学校（Rikugun Toyama Gakko）等。因此，许多有关法国体操的书籍被翻译成日文。根据这些译本，文部省于 1874 年（明治 7 年）指定《大曹之书》为学校教科书，并于 1875 年（明治 18 年）指定《大曹报告》为军事指南。两人都对明治时代日本近代体育制度的演变产生了重大影响。较少的