Repetition in L1 and L2 English and Japanese

本研究考察了英语和日语母语者、母语者和二语者之间以及英语和日语者之间在自我重复和他人重复使用上的差异。本研究收集了被试的数据，他们分为四组(日语母语者、美国母语者、日本英语中级学习者和日语美国中级学习者)，并在每组中配对完成两项讨论任务。然后根据重复的三个主要作用(与生产有关、与修复有关和与互动有关)以及11个功能亚类(例如，争取时间、积累、合并、澄清、更正、显示倾听)对数据进行分析。研究结果表明，重复的使用是语言特有的，也是第二语言学习者特有的。英语母语者和二语使用者使用自我重复的频率高于日语使用者，而日语使用者使用他人重复的频率高于第一语言使用者。此外，英语和日语母语者使用自我重复进行生产和修复的频率高于他们各自的母语组，尽管这两个二语组在使用他人重复方面存在差异。最后，研究发现，任务类型对母语和二语说话者的计划和监控过程以及他们的互动模式都有很大的影响。

The present study examined differences in the use of self- and other-repetition between L1 speakers of English and Japanese, between L1 and L2 speakers of the respective languages, and also between L2 speakers of English and Japanese.Spoken data were collected from a total of 64 participants consisting of four groups (native Japanese, native American, Japanese L2 intermediate-level learners of English and American counterparts of the Japanese), who were paired off within each group for two discussion tasks. The data were then analyzed in terms of three major roles of repetition (production-related, repair-related, and interaction-related) and also of 11 subcategories of functions (e.g., gaining time, building-up, incorporating, clarifying, correcting, showing listenership). Statistical analysis was used to determine differences between th two L2 groups, the L1 and L2 groups, and also between the two L1 groups in terms of frequency of repetition per minute.The results suggest that the use of repetition is language-specific and L2 learner-specific. L1 and L2 speakers of English employed self-repetition more frequently than those of Japanese, whereas the latter groups exceeded the former groups in their use of other-repetition. Furthermore, L2 speakers of English and Japanese employed self-repetition for production and repair more frequently than their respective L1 groups, although there was a difference between the two L2 groups in their use of other-repetition. Finally, task types were found to exet great effects on L1 and L2 speakers' planning and monitoring processes as well as their interactional pattern.