The Role of Academic Writing in Higher Education in Japan : Current Status and Future Perspectives

本研究通过对大量学生和教师进行问卷调查和访谈，调查了日本学生的母语文化背景。关于学术写作在高等教育中的作用，研究发现，无论是高中还是大学，学生和教师的看法都有明显的相似之处。此外，这两个层面的教师都对中学和高等教育写作教学的未来提出了看法。本研究的主要发现概括如下：1.在高中阶段，学生在国语课堂上更注重阅读，而不是写作活动和教学；然而，相当一部分学生在常规课堂之外接受了写作指导的强化训练，为入学考试写作做准备。几乎所有的老师都不满意自己学校目前的写作教学，因为他们没有足够的t…由于班级规模大和高考侧重阅读理解，更多的人倾向于个性化教学。然而，为了满足日益国际化的日本社会对更强的表达能力的需求，许多当时的学生在未来更加重视写作教学，无论是在国语班还是在整个课程的其他班级。在大学一级，在大学的头两年，对学生写作的正式指导或教师的反馈相对较少，尽管据报道，随着学生进入他们选择的专业领域，情况会发生变化。学生接受的学术培训的种类似乎因具体学科而异。在报告中，理科专业的学生和一些人文专业的学生(例如经济学)应该更多地表现出对某一特定主题的理解，而不是表达自己的观点。另一方面，加深和展示自己的想法对研究生和其他人文专业的学生来说很重要，这些学生和老师认为学术写作皮肤非常重要，比如对想法的评估、总结的能力和正确引用的使用。学生和老师都同意有必要进行更多的指导，以正确引用外部来源的词语和思想。较少

This study investigated Japanese students' L1 literacy background by eliciting questionnaire and interview responses from a large number of students and teachers. Regarding the role of academic writing in higher education, the study round that there were clear parallels between the perceptions of students and teachers at both high schools and universities.Moreover, the teachers at both levels provided perspectives on the future of writing instruction in secondarv and tertiary education. The major findings of the study are summarized as follows :1. At the high school level, a much greater emphasis was placed on reading than writing activides and instruction in kokugo classes ; however, a substantial group of students received intensive training in writing instruction outside of the regular classroom as preparation for writing essays for entrance exams.2. Nearly all the teachers were dissatisfied with the current writing instruction in their own schools because thev did not have enough t … More ime for individualized instruction due to large class size and university entrance exams focusing on reading comprehension. Nevertheless, many of then-adyocated greater future emphasis on writing instruction, both in kokugo classes and in other classes across the curriculum, in order to meet the demands for greater expressive ability in the increasingly internationalized Japanese society.3. At the university level, relatively little formal writing instruction or feedback from teachers is given on students' writing in the first two years of college, although the situation reportedly changes as students advance to their chosen field of specialization.4. Kinds of academic training that students receive appear to differ by specific disciplines. In reports, science majors and some hurnanities majors (e. g. economics) are expected to show understanding of a given topic more than to express own ideas. On the other hand, to deepen and show one's own ideas is important to graduate and other humanities major students, and Academic Writing Skins, such as evaluation of ideas, the ability to summarize, and use of correct citation, were perceived to be very important by these students and teachers.5. Both students and teachers agreed on the necessity for more instruction on correct citation of words and ideas from outside sources. Less