Development of Waste-Economic Accounting Matrix and its Application

本研究首先利用投入产出表、都道府县经济核算、1973年产业污染分析投入产出表和北海道产业废弃物研究报告，构建了1985年北海道经济的废弃物经济核算矩阵。废物经济核算矩阵由以下经济因素组成：三大生产活动（小学、中学和高等教育），两所院校（私人和公共），两个生产要素（劳动力和资本），四个废物处理活动（适用于第一、第二和第三产业，以及合同/公共活动），最后，对外部门是指除北海道以外的世界其他地区。从矩阵中，可以观察到工业和家庭活动如何产生废物，以及估计其处理成本。利用这个矩阵，我们建立了一个类似投入产出理论中Leontief逆矩阵的反系数矩阵，并由此度量了投入产出理论中的最优解。 关于我们 关于促进回收活动对北海道经济的影响。该方法的一个要点是将家庭和政府活动以及工业活动纳入模型。这一点与通常的投入产出模型有很大的不同，通过这种方法还可以考察通过促进回收活动而产生的生产成本的变化。此外，我们开发了一种方法，其中逆矩阵表示为三个系数矩阵的乘法。这种方法可以更详细地研究经济和废物产生/处理活动之间的相互作用，如循环的相互作用，如：生产活动 * 废物处理活动 * 经济活动。该模型基于以下假设。废物经济核算矩阵中的数字反映了长期平衡状态。因此，数字可以解释为来自工业利润最大化和/或家庭效用最大化。利用该模型进行了一些数值试验，分析了生产活动对垃圾排放量的影响以及垃圾处理成本对经济的影响。模拟案例包括对家庭废物排放收费，直接征税以补偿公共废物处理的费用，工业生产或废物处理的技术进步，促进家庭和工业活动的回收利用。少

In the study, first, a waste-economicaccounting matrix for 1985 Hokkaido'seconomy is constructed, using the Input-Output Table, the Prefectural Economic Accounts, the 1973 Input -Output Table for Analysis of Industrial Pollution, and the Research Report of Industrial Waste in Hokkaido. The waste-economic accounting matrix consists of the following economic agents : three production activities (primary, secondary, and tertiary), two institutions (private and public), two production factors (labor and capital), four waste treatment activities (for primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, and contract/public activity), and finally, the external sector which is defined as the rest of the world except Hokkaido.From the matrix, one can observe how the waste is generated by industrial and household activities and how much its treatmet cost is estimated. Making use of the matrix, we develop an inverse coefficient marix like Leontief inverse matrix in the input-output theory, and then measu … More re the repercussive effects of promotion of recycling activies on Hokkaido's economy. A major point of the approach is an internalization of household and government activities in the model as well as industrial activities. This point quite differs from the usual input-output model.This approach also enables to examine changes in production costs by promotion of recycling activities. Moreover we develop a method in which the inverse matrix is represented as a multiplication of three coefficient matrices. This approach enables to examine in more detail interactions between the economy and waste generation/treatment activites, such as a circular interaction like ; production activities*waste treatment activities*economic activities.Second, we construct a prototype of a computable genreal equilibrium model for the waste-economic interaction. The model is based on the following assumption. Figures in the waste-economic accountung matrix reflect the state of long-run equilibrium. Therefore figures can be interpreted to be derived from the profit maximization of industries and/or household utility maximization. This model thus has an advantage to measure price changes in commodities/services as well as quantity changes in them.By employing the model, some numerical experiments are carried out for analysis how production activities affect waste diccharges and how waste treatment costs give effects on the economy. Simulation cases include introduction of a charge on household waste dischrge, direct taxation to compensate the costs of public waste treatment, technical progress in industrial production or waste treatment, promotion of recycling in household and industrial activities. Less