A STUDY ON THE BASIC DIRECTION OF POLICIES FOR SECURING AND SUPPORTING AGURICULTURAL AND FORESTRIES WORK-FORCE IN "THE UNFAVORABLE LIVING ENVIROMENT"

保障和发展农业和林业劳动力是当今日本丘陵和山区最重要的任务之一。众所周知的事实表明，农业和林业工人的老龄化比城市地区和其他经济部门早20年左右出现。特别是在丘陵和山区的农村地区，1995年65岁或65岁以上的人已占人口的21.7%，这一比率与整个2025年城市地区的相应比率一样高。然而，目前经济衰退的影响一直在施加劳动力短缺的农业和林业部门。许多从事工业和服务业的兼职农民的户主是退休的老年工人群体，他们作为定期从事农业的农民从事农业部门。此外，出现了许多都市老年工人，他们希望通过选择一种“退休后的生活计划”进入农业部门，根据1995年的调查结果，中小型企业老年工人约占8%，1993年我们以前对主要企业的研究约占16%。另一方面，约33%的丘陵和山区农业合作社接受了从城市地区或从其他工业返回的U-tern农民，其中约14%在过去五年中接受了以前没有农业经验的新进入者。根据1994年对所有农业合作社进行问卷调查的结果，在这一期间，只有32%的合作社接受了学校毕业后的新农民。虽然所研究的合作社中有一半提到机械化是为确保劳动力而采取的措施，但它们赞成的未来措施包括有效利用老年和女性劳动力、管理农场土地以及支持农民和新进入者的转变。因此，我们的结论指出，需要采取多方面的措施，适应每个地方的情况。显然，我们需要接受各种有意愿和能力从事农业和林业劳动的人。少

Securing and developing farming and forestry workforce in one of the most important tasks in Japanese hilly and mountainous areas today. This is shown by the known fact that aging of workers became apparent in agriculture and forestry about 20 years earlier then in urban areas and in other economic sectors. In hilly and mountainous rural areas, in particular, people of age 65 or more accounted for 21.7 per cent of the population already in 1995, a rate as high as the corresponding rate in urban areas in 2025 as a whole.However, the effects of the current economic recession have been exerting upon the shortage of workforce in agricultural and forestry sector. A lot of householders of part-time farmers employed in industry and services who have been aged groups of workers retired and have engaged in the agriculture sector as regularly engaged farmers. Further, there have been appearing many metropolitan elderly workers who hope to enter into the agricultural sector by choice of one "post … More -retirement life plans", about 8 per cent accounted for medium and minor enterprises elderly workers in case of the results of an investigation in 1995, and about 16 per cent of our previous study on major enterprises in 1993. On the other side, about 33 per cent accounted for agricultural cooperatives in hilly and mountainous areas had accepted U-tern farmers returning from urban areas or from other industries and about 14 per cent of them had received new entrants without previous farming experiences during the last jive years, while only 32 per cent of them had accepted new farmers following school graduation during the period in case of the results of a questionnaire study on all agricultural cooperatives in 1994. While half of the studied cooperatives mentioned mechanization as a measure being taken to secure workforce, the future measures favored by them included the effective utilization of aged and female workforce, administering farm lands and the support for U-turn from farmers and new entrants.Our conclusions thus point to the need of taking multi-faced measures adapted to each local situation. There is a clear need of accepting all sorts of persona who have the will and the ability to engage in agricultural and forestry labor. Less