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Recovery of Valuable Metals from Marine Mineral Resources by Autotrophic Bacteria

自养细菌从海洋矿产资源中回收有价金属

基本信息

批准号：
06454038
负责人：
ASAI Satoru
金额：
$ 4.61万
依托单位：
University of Osaka Prefecture
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This report describes results on the microbial treatment of manganese nodules using a 3-stage bioprocess which consists of the bioleaching of nodule, the precipitation and recovery of leached metals by biogenic H_2S,and the microbial treatment of waste H_2S.1. Manganese nodules were solubilized during the growth of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria using elemental sulfur as their energy sources. The thermophile Acidianus brierleyi was more effective for the nodule leaching than the mesophiles Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans. The experimental data for the leaching with A.brierleyi were used to optimize various process parameters, such as medium pH,initial cell concentration, initial sulfur-liquid loading ratio and initial nodule-liquid loading ratio.2. For the utilization of biogenic H_2S to recover leached metals as insoluble sulfides, we measured the rates of batch growth of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans on sulfate and subsequent H_2S desorption in a H_2-sparg … More ed and stirred reactor. The experimental data were analyzed to determine kinetic and stoichiometric parameters for the microbial H_2S formation. Predictions based on the theory of mass transfer with reaction indicated that the desorption of biogenic H_2S is a mass transfer process with negligible film reaction. The observed desorption rates were interpreted quantitatively by using the developed kinetics of bacterial growth and subsequent H_2S formation, the dissociation equilibria of dissolved H_2S,and the mass transfer characteristics in the bioreactor.3. To treat waste H_2S,the liquid-phase oxidation of H_2S by T.thiooxidans was studied in continuous culture. The observed data were analyzed to evaluate the growth yield and the kinetic parameters in the Monod equation.4. From the above results it was found that the bioleaching of nodules is a rate-limiting step in the 3-stage bioprocess. Thus we can conclude that under the conditions determined as optimum, the proposed microbial processing yields the 100% recovery of copper and zinc from nodules within 3 days, and high recoveries of nickel (85%) and cobalt (70%) for 10 days. Less

本文介绍了微生物处理锰结核的结果。该生物工艺包括结核的生物浸出、生物硫化氢对浸出金属的沉淀和回收、废H_2S的微生物处理。以元素硫为能源，在嗜酸硫氧化菌的生长过程中溶解了锰结核。嗜热性酸杆菌对结核的浸出效果优于中嗜热菌、氧化亚铁硫杆菌和氧化硫硫杆菌。利用布氏曲霉浸出的实验数据，优化了各种工艺参数，如介质pH、初始细胞浓度、初始硫液装载量比和初始结核装液量比。为了利用生物生成的H_2S回收难溶硫化物浸出的金属，我们测量了脱硫弧菌在硫酸盐上的批量生长速度以及随后在H_2-Spg…中的H_2S脱附速率更多搅拌和搅拌的反应器。对实验数据进行了分析，确定了微生物生成H_2S的动力学和化学计量参数。基于带反应传质理论的预测表明，生物源H_2S的脱附是一个忽略膜反应的传质过程。利用细菌生长和随后形成H_2S的动力学、溶解H_2S的解离平衡以及生物反应器中的传质特性，对观察到的脱附速率进行了定量解释。为了处理废H_2S，在连续培养条件下，研究了氧化硫假单胞菌对H_2S的液相氧化作用。对观测数据进行分析，求出生长产率和Monod方程中的动力学参数。从以上结果可以看出，在三阶段生物过程中，结核的生物浸出是一个限速步骤。因此，在确定的最佳条件下，所提出的微生物处理方法在3d内可从结核中获得100%的铜和锌的回收率，10d内可获得高的镍(85%)和钴(70%)的回收率。较少