Genetic analysis of isozyme and molecular markers in horticultural crops and its application to chromosome identification

园艺作物同工酶和分子标记遗传分析及其在染色体鉴定中的应用

• 批准号: 06454041
• 负责人: KOBA Takato
• 金额: $ 0.58万
• 依托单位: Chiba University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06454041/
• 关键词: Brassica; Allium; Isozyme; Molecular markers; Linkage map; Chromosome; In situ hybridization; ブラシカ; ネギ; RAPDマーカー; 遺伝分析

In Brassica campestris (2n=20, AA), a linkage map was constructed with 10 isozyme and 52 molecular (RAPD) markers. It was consisted of ten linkage groups which is the same to the number of haploid chromosome constitution. On the linkage map, genes for morphological and physiological characters such as bolting time, leaf morphology, leaf hairiness and self-incompatibility, were localized. Genes for bolting time which were closely linked to the isozyme marker, Got-1 and Pox-3, were found to be responsible to long photoperid condition. On the other hand, in B.nigra (2n=16, BB), five isozyme band regions were found to be controlled by the alleles of single loci. Based on the isozyme and molecular markers identified in the present study, localization of genes for useful characters on the map and identification of each chromosome can be performed. By crossing diploid species to tetraploid ones, triploid plants were obtained. Aneuploids having alien chromosomes will be produced and identified by using isozyme and molecular markers.In the genus Allium, classification of nine cultivars of A.fistulosum were carried out by using RAPD markers and their phylogenetic relationships were clarified. In order to localize molecular markers, in situ hybridization was also carried out using rDNA of common wheat as the probe on the chromosomes of A.fistulosum, A.fistulosum var. viviparum and A.schoenoprasum. Sizes of the regions hybridized and morphology of the chromosomes hybridized were different among the species observed. RAPD markers as well as rDNA will be applied for analysis of aneuploids which will be derived from the cross between 'Seitakanegi', an amphidiploid line, and its parent A.fistulosum.

利用10种同工酶和52个分子标记构建了白菜（2n=20，AA）的连锁图谱。它由10个连锁群组成，与单倍体染色体数目相同。在该连锁图上定位了影响抽薹时间、叶片形态、叶片毛羽和自交不亲和性等性状的基因。抽薹时间基因与Got-1和Pox-3同工酶标记紧密连锁，与长光周期有关。而黑B.nigra（2n=16，BB）的5条同工酶带区受单位点等位基因控制。根据本研究所鉴定的同工酶和分子标记，可以进行有用性状基因的定位和染色体的鉴定。通过二倍体物种与四倍体物种杂交，获得了三倍体植株。利用RAPD标记对葱属9个栽培种进行了分类，并阐明了它们的系统发育关系。为了定位分子标记，还以普通小麦的rDNA为探针，在管穗偃麦草A. fistulosum var.fistulosum和管穗偃麦草A.fistulosum的染色体上进行了原位杂交。viviparum和A. schoenoprasum。杂交区域的大小和杂交染色体的形态在所观察的种间存在差异。RAPD标记以及rDNA将被应用于分析的非整倍体，这将来自'Seitakanegi'，一个双二倍体系，和它的父母A. fistulosum之间的交叉。

项目成果

Nozaki,T.: "Analysis of isozyme loci and their linkages in Brassica campestris L." Breeding Science. 45. 57-64 (1995)

Nozaki,T.：“白菜同工酶基因座及其联系的分析”。

Nozaki,T.,M. Anji,T.Takahashi and H. Ikehashi: "Analysis of isozyme loci and their linkages in Brassica campestris L" Breeding Science. 45. 57-64 (1995)

野崎，T.，M.

Nozaki, T., M.Anji, T.Takahashi and H.Ikehashi: "Analysis of isozyme loci and their linkages in Brassica campestris L" Breeding Science. 45. 57-64 (1995)

Nozaki, T.、M.Anji、T.Takahashi 和 H.Ikehashi：“白菜同工酶基因座及其联系的分析”育种科学。