SFB 1464: Relativistic and quantum-based geodesy (TerraQ)

SFB 1464：相对论和基于量子的大地测量学 (TerraQ)

• 批准号: 434617780
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Universität Bremen
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research Centres
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/434617780?language=en
• 关键词: SFB; 1464; Relativistic; quantum; based

Climate change processes are widely imprinted in gravitational data. But better temporal and spatial resolution and higher accuracy are required to monitor the related mass changes, which can only be achieved by employing innovative quantum technology concepts. TerraQ integrates expertise from geodesy and physics in a unique constellation to develop fundamentally new sensors, measurement techniques and analysis methods. Optical ranging between test masses and satellites, atom-interferometric accelerometry and gradiometry, and chronometric levelling with clocks are the required approaches to overcome the problems of classical concepts. With these novel techniques, mass variations on almost all spatial and temporal scales can be observed with unprecedented accuracy and will serve as input for a multitude of applications in the geosciences, from the monitoring of local groundwater basins to the observation of the complex global mass transport processes in the oceans.To advance satellite gravimetry, TerraQ investigates laser-interferometric systems for ranging between test masses in Earth orbits. Here, TerraQ builds on its PIs’ knowledge from previous successful satellite missions such as GRACE Follow-On to make the next step in resolution and accuracy.For terrestrial gravimetry, TerraQ studies and develops quantum sensors for rapid and very accurate gravity measurements based on matter wave interferometry with cold atoms. These developments include both compact, mobile devices for field campaigns and large-scale stationary devices for extreme precision. While the former enable new strategies for local and regional gravity surveys, which will be demonstrated in the Elbe-Weser coastal region, the latter will provide a new gravity standard in the future.TerraQ pioneers the concept of chronometric levelling for the realisation of physical height systems and gravity field observations. Key is the measurement of frequency differences due to the gravitational redshift of separated clocks to determine gravity potential differences in geodetic networks. For this, we use transportable optical atomic clocks connected by optical fibres. These clocks and concepts will now be developed to achieve the few cm level of accuracy.TerraQ puts the analysis models, needed to characterise and apply the novel measurement concepts on a sound theoretical basis. Dedicated geodetic and relativistic modelling of the various involved gravity field quantities will be performed to firmly show the superior performance of the new approaches compared to the conventional ones.The combination of expertise from quantum physics and geodesy in TerraQ, integrating engineering skills and fundamental research, serves as an excellent basis to advance the frontiers of gravimetric Earth observation. Our development and realisation of new concepts for observing mass variations will provide crucial input for climate change research with an enormous impact on the whole field of geoscience.

气候变化过程在引力数据中有着广泛的印记。但是，需要更好的时间和空间分辨率以及更高的精度来监测相关的质量变化，这只能通过采用创新的量子技术概念来实现。TerraQ将大地测量学和物理学的专业知识整合到一个独特的星座中，以开发全新的传感器、测量技术和分析方法。试验质量和卫星之间的光学测距，原子干涉加速度测量和梯度测量，以及用时钟测时水准测量是克服经典概念问题的必要方法。有了这些新技术，几乎所有的空间和时间尺度上的质量变化都可以以前所未有的准确度进行观测，并将作为地球科学中许多应用的输入，从监测当地地下水盆地到观测海洋中复杂的全球质量传输过程，为了推进卫星重力测量，TerraQ研究了用于在地球轨道上测试质量之间测距的激光干涉测量系统。在这里，TerraQ基于其PI从之前成功的卫星任务（如GRACE后续任务）中获得的知识，在分辨率和精度方面迈出了下一步。对于地面重力测量，TerraQ研究和开发量子传感器，用于基于冷原子物质波干涉术的快速和非常精确的重力测量。这些发展包括用于野外活动的紧凑型移动的设备和用于极高精度的大型固定设备。前者为当地和区域重力测量提供了新的策略，将在易北河-威悉河沿岸地区进行演示，后者将在未来提供新的重力标准。TerraQ开创了计时水准测量的概念，用于实现物理高度系统和重力场观测。关键是测量由于分离时钟的重力红移而产生的频率差，以确定大地测量网络中的重力位差。为此，我们使用由光纤连接的可移动光学原子钟。这些时钟和概念现在将被开发，以实现几厘米的精度。TerraQ将分析模型，需要在合理的理论基础上验证和应用新的测量概念。将对所涉及的各种重力场量进行专门的大地测量和相对论建模，以明确显示新方法与传统方法相比的上级性能，TerraQ将量子物理学和大地测量学的专门知识结合起来，将工程技术和基础研究融为一体，是推进重力地球观测前沿的良好基础。我们对观测质量变化的新概念的开发和实现将为气候变化研究提供关键投入，对整个地球科学领域产生巨大影响。