Fundamental and applied studies of activation analysis using the newly developed three internal standard methods

介绍了新开发的三种内标法，稳定同位素稀释活化分析法，即活化分析的内标法和内参比法，具有最大的优点：加入感兴趣元素的比较标准与样品具有相同的基质，并且即使当样品和比较标准分别被具有不同的粒子照射时，通量为了证明上述方法的有效性，在本研究中，几个基本的和应用的实验已经尝试了如下。(1)（2）稳定同位素稀释活化法测定生物样品中锶的研究：（3）稳定同位素稀释活化法测定生物样品中锶的研究：（4）稳定同位素稀释活化法测定生物样品中锶的研究：（5）稳定同位素稀释活化法测定生物样品中锶的研究;（3）内标法带电粒子活化分析法同时测定铝合金中Ti、Cr、Fe、Cu、Ga、Zr;（4）稳定同位素稀释法光子活化分析同时测定环境样品中的Ca、Rb、Sr、Ce;（5）内标法光子活化高精度多元素测定;（6）内标法仪器光子活化分析环境样品。结果表明，采用上述方法，可以有效地实现对多种材料中感兴趣元素的高精度和高精度测定。通过这些实验，也表明，每种方法作为一种非常有价值的多元技术，对各种活化分析都起着重要的作用。

The newly developed three internal standard methods, i.e., the stable isotope dilution activation analysis, the internal standard and internal reference methods for activation analysis, have the greate advantages that the comparative standard spiked with interesting elements has the same matrix as the sample, and that the absolute concentrations of the interesting elements can be evaluated easily by using very simple equations even when the sample and comparative standard are irradiated separately by particles with different flux. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the above methods, in the present studies several fundamental and applied experiments have been tried successively as follows. (1) developement of the stable isotope dilution activation analysis in which the self-shielding effect is negligible, and its application by means of photon activation; (2) determination of strontium in biological materials by charged-particle activation analysis using the stable isotope dilution method; (3) simultaneous determination of Ti, Cr, Fe, Cu, Ga and Zr in aluminiun alloys by charged-particle activation analysis using the internal standard method; (4) simultaneous determination of Ca, Rb, Sr and Ce in environmental materials by photon activation analysis using the stable isotope dilution method; (5) highly accurate and precise multielement determination of environmental samples by means of photon activation using the internal standard method; (6) instrumental photon activation analysis of environmental materials using the internal standard method. In consequence, it was proved that the highly accurate and precise determinations of interesting elements in a wide variety of materials can be achieved effectively and favourably by using the above each method. Through these experiments, it was also suggested that each method plays an important role as a very valuable multielement technique for all sorts of activation analysis.