Trial Manufacturing Study of Charge Spectrometer for Atoms Produced by Alpha-Decay

如果α粒子从原子核中的射出对电子云没有影响，那么子粒子应该具有双负电荷。产物中是否有多余的负电荷，首先取决于核跃迁对周围电子的影响，其次取决于原子的电子亲合势。α粒子的发射对电子云K壳层的扰动不同于β衰变的影响。虽然β粒子的运动速度大大超过轨道电子的运动速度，但α粒子的速度远小于K壳层中电子的速度。因为α很重，运动又很慢，所以它对原子电子的扰动只有在比它们的运动周期长得多的时候才有明显的变化。由于缓慢变化的微扰产生的影响很小，激发或弹射K壳层电子的概率很小。相反，当α的速度很大时， ...更多信息 比外层电子更大的电子，从这些能级的激发和发射可以以与β衰变类似的方式处理。这些电子的静电环境的突然扰动可能导致电子的激发或脱落。然而，这种电离由于α衰变尚未被测量的电荷光谱。本文对α衰变电荷谱仪进行了试制，并对其性能进行了初步检验。该谱仪包括一个源体积连接的电子或X射线的照射组件和一个四重质谱仪与抽空系统耦合。源体由八级收集导向环组成，将源体内的离子导入四极质谱计。在对谱仪性能进行了初步考察后，作为实际应用，测量了X射线辐照氙的电荷谱、X射线辐照DBr、HBr、CH_3Br和C_2H_5Br产生的碎片分布以及溴-80m的同分异构跃迁。实验结果表明，该光谱仪的性能在典型的实验结果中得到了体现，有效地实现了本研究的初步目的。然而，在使用氚化氢的进一步研究中，光谱仪被氚高度污染，并且发现很难在短时间内继续目前的实验。因此，目前只能作为普通的质谱计来进行氚的净化。少

If the ejection of alpha particle from the nucleus has no effect on the electronic cloud, the daughter species should have a double negative charge. Whether or not the excess negative charge remained with the product will depend firstly on the effect of nuclear transition on the surrounding electrons, and secondly on the electron affinity of the atom. The perturbation of K-shell of the electronic cloud by emission of an alpha particle differs from the effect of beta decay. Although beta-particle moves with speed considerably in excess of the orbital electron motions, the velocity of alpha is much less than that of electrons in the K-shell. Because alpha is so heavy and moves so slowly, its perturbation of the atomic electrons varies appreciably only in times much longer than the period of their motions. Since a slowly-varing perturbation produces very small effect, probability of exciting or ejecting K-shell electrons is very small. On the contrary, when the velocity of alpha is much g … More reater than those of the outer-shell electrons, excitation and ejection of electrons from these levels may treat in a similar manner to that of beta-decay. The sudden perturbation of the electrostatic environment of these electrons may cause excitation or shake-off of electrons. However, such a ionization due to alpha-decay has not yet been measured by charge spectrometry. In the present study, the trial manufacturing of charge spectrometer for alpha-decay was carried out, and its ability was examined fundamentally. The spectrometer consists of a source volume attached with either irradiation assembly of electrons or that of X-ray and a quadruple mass spectrometer coupled with an evacuation system. The source volume consists of collecting guide rings of eight stages which leads ions in the souree volume into the quadruple mass spectrometer. After the abilities of spectrometer were investigated fundamentally, the charge spectrum of xenon irradiated with X-rays and fragment distributions produced in DBr, HBr, CH_3Br and C_2H_5Br by X-ray irradiation and isomeric transition of bromine-80m were measured as practical applications. It was confirmed that the specific capabilities of the spectrometer were shown in the typical results by the above experiments, and that the initial purpose of the present study was achieved effectively. In further study using tritiated hydrogen, however, the spectrometer was highly contaminated with tritium, and it was found to be difficult to continue the present experiments in a short period of time. Hence, at present, it is forced to used as an ordinary mass spectrometer to decontaminate the tritium. Less