Characterization of chicken complement and its application for complement fixation reaction

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To obtain basic informations for the study of biological significance of complement in chickens, establishment of assay system for chicken complement activity, development of complement fixation test for chicken antibody, and role of complement in infections with avian viruses were studied. The results are summarized as follows.(1) Lysis of horse red blood cells was found to be applicable to measure complement activation via alternative pathway. Since sheep red blood cells sensitized with hemolysin can be used for the assay of complement activation via classical pathway, the assay systems of both pathways of chicken complement were established.(2) By using Newcastle disease virus as a model system, various protocols of complement fixation test were examined. Problems such as an excess of complement in the assay system and effect of non-specific complement activation by some avian viruses remain to be solved.(3) In the study of fowlpox virus infection as a model., complement activation via alternative pathway was shown to be involeved not only in non-specific early defense mechanism but also in the expression of pathogenicity. (4) Several avian viruses were found to activate alternative pathway of complement without participation of antibody.