Histamine as a neurotransmitter: Fluorescence immunohistochemistry of its synthetic and degradative enzymes and purification of histamine receptor protein.

以组胺形成酶组氨酸脱羧酶为标记物，用荧光免疫组织化学方法显示了大鼠脑内组胺神经元系统。胞体仅存在于下丘脑后核和乳头体中，为管乳头核，下丘脑、嗅球、大脑皮质、杏仁内侧核、前庭内侧核、此外，最近广泛的研究表明，在脊髓、丘脑、正中隆起、垂体后叶、内侧膝状体、上级丘，n.除组胺外，该神经元系统还含有GABA、腺苷和甘丙肽（一种在肠道中发现的新肽）作为共递质。电镜下见神经元的静脉曲张内有少量典型的突触形成 ...更多信息 在系统上，虽然它们含有突触囊泡，表明组胺的非突触释放。该抗体与豚鼠多巴脱羧酶发生免疫化学交叉反应，而与大鼠多巴脱羧酶不发生免疫化学交叉反应，表明芳香族氨基酸脱羧酶之间存在着密切的进化关系。组胺N-甲基转移酶，这是重要的失活组胺释放到突触间隙，从大鼠肾脏纯化。针对其产生的抗体显示对大鼠肾脏的阳性反应（近端小管被染色），但对大脑没有反应。目前，正在获得单克隆抗体。用<H_1>CHAPS-吐温60-甘油混合物溶解大鼠肝脏中的组胺受体蛋白，其中[^3H&gt; ]-美托咪胺的结合能力比大脑高100倍，并通过一系列柱层析纯化。以苯海拉明或美托咪胺为配体的亲和层析似乎是有希望的进一步纯化。通过目标尺寸分析确定分子量为152 K。少

Histamine neuron system in rat brain was demonstrated by the fluorescence immunohistochemistry with histidine decarboxylase, a histamine-forming enzyme, as a marker. The cell bodies exist only in the posterior hypothalamus and mammillary body as the tubelomammillary nucleus, and the axons with many varicosities were particularly dense in the hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, medial amygdaloid nucleus, med. vestibular n., and central grey matter of the midbrain and pons, and so on. Furthermore, recent extensive studies revealed the presence of nerve terminals in the spinal cord, thalamus, median eminence, posterior pituitary, med. geniculate n., superior colliculus, n. mesencephalic trigeminal nerve,retrochiasmatic area, and so on. In addition to histamine, the neuron system contained GABA, adenosine and galanin, a new peptide found in the intestine, as cotransmitters. On electron microscopic analysis, few typical synaptic formation was found in the varicosities of the neur … More on system, though they contained synaptic vesicles, suggesting the non-synaptic release of histamine. The antibody immunochemically cross-reacted with guinea-pig DOPA decarboxylase but did not with the rat enzyme, indicating that there are some close evolutional relationship among aromatic amino acid decarboxylases. Histamine N-methyltransferase, which is important in the inactivation of histamine released into the synaptic cleft, was purified from rat kidneys. The antibody raised against it showed a positive reaction toward rat kedney (proximal tubules were stained) but no reaction toward the brain. Currently, the monoclonal antibody is being obtained. Histamine <H_1> -receptor protein was solubilized by the mixture of CHAPS-Tween 60-glycerol from rat liver, which contained 100-fold higher [ <^3H> ]-mepyramine binding capacity than the brain, and purified by a series of column chromatographies. The affinity chromatography with diphenhydramine or mepyramine as a ligand seems to be promising for further purification. The molecular weight was determined to be 152 K by target size analysis. Less