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On the Mechanism of Hydrological Cycle in Reclaimed Upland Fields

围垦旱地水文循环机制研究

基本信息

批准号：
60460211
负责人：
MARUYAMA Toshisuke
金额：
$ 4.67万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60460211/
关键词：
Water Cycle Agricultural Land Reclamation Flood Runnoff 低水流出水循環機構流出モデル

项目摘要

Not only geographical features but also structures of water cycle of river catchments change due to the land reclamation works. And these changes lead the change in runoff properties. To examine this, three small runoff test plots (two of them are reclaimed upland fields and the rest is forestry area) were set in the Tango national reclamation project area in northern part of Kyoto prefecture, and soil and runoff experiments were conducted in these plots.The results of soil tests in both the reclaimed and the non-reclaimed plots are as follows;1. Water holding capacity has been lowered due to the removal of A0 and/or A1 horizons and the increase of the solid-phase percentage of soil after the reclamation.2. Soil permiability has been also lowered due to the various reclamation works with the large construction machinery.3. Construction of water channels and farm roads have also led to the decrease of permiability and water holding capacity of reclaimed plots.The results of investigations for the runoff properties are as follows;1. Peak discharge increased much due to the reclamation. Thiswas a reflection of the decrease of concentration time and the increase of coefficient of peak discharge which were led by the change in soil physical properties described above.2. Though change in low water properties has not been clarified yet because of the shortage of hydrological records during the investigating periods, a slight change in the recession constant of discharge have been recognized.3. Settling basins constructed in the downstream of reclaimed plots have been much efficient both for fllog control and for low-water supplement in drought seacon.

填海工程不仅改变了流域的地理特征，而且改变了流域的水循环结构。这些变化导致了径流特性的变化。为此，在京都县北部探戈国家级复垦项目区设置了3个小径流试验小区（其中2个为复垦旱地，其余为林地），并在这些小区进行了土壤和径流试验。复垦和未复垦地块的土壤试验结果如下：1。由于开垦后A0层和/或A1层的消失和土壤固相百分比的增加，使持水能力降低。由于各种大型建筑机械的填海工程，土壤的渗透性也降低了。水渠和农用公路的建设也导致了复垦地块的透水能力和持水量的下降。径流特性的研究结果如下：1。由于填海，峰值排放量大大增加。这反映了上述土壤物理性质变化导致的浓度时间的减少和峰值流量系数的增大。虽然由于调查期间缺乏水文记录，低潮特性的变化尚未得到澄清，但已认识到流量衰退常数有轻微变化。在复垦地块下游建设沉降池，既能有效控制洪水，又能有效补充旱季的低水量。