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Analysis in Plant Morphogenesis by means of Aseptic Tissue and Cell Cultures.

通过无菌组织和细胞培养物分析植物形态发生。

基本信息

批准号：
60480032
负责人：
OKAZAWA Yozo
金额：
$ 4.16万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1986
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60480032/
关键词：
Potato Carrot Soybean Protoplast Satilite DNA Nurse culture Microtuber ダイズ

项目摘要

1) This investigation has been undertaken on the isolation of protoplasts and their cultures, cellular differentiation and mutation of tissue and cell cultures, and their applications to practical uses.2) Methods have been developed for the isolation and cultures of mesophyll protoplasts of Solanaceae plants including petunia, potato, tomato, peaman, and eggplant. Cell cultures of soybean and carrot were also readily prepared protoplasts and cultured.3) A nurse culture system developed was effective for inducing the first cell division and colony formation of the protoplasts isolated from soybean cell suspensions. These cell divisions were also induced withthe addition of reduced nitrogen such as casaminoacid under relatively low osmotic conditions. Kinetin uniquely stimulated cell division at stages of M, S, and G2 phases.4) The first cell division and colony formation of potato protoplast cultures were investigated on the requirements of sugar supplements for cellwall regeneration afer nuclear division. Cellobiose was found to be effective.5) Restriction enzyme analysis of potato tissue DNA pattern indicated that satilite DNA in total DNA was atmost labeled with C14-thymidine during the early stage of potato tissue cultures. The satilite DNA was not only mtDNA but also a fraction of nuclear DNA with high GC content. The function of this gene must be clarified.6) Hormonal and nutritional controls for the aseptic potato shoot cultures were studied. The results of above research are applicable for the production of microtubers in vitro system.7) Cell suspension responses to low levels of 5MT, CES, and Round-up were evaluated in several embryogenic strains of carrot. Although an in vitro drug resistance mechanism which confers whole plant drug resistance was not observed, some potential drug resistance strains were identified.

1)本文对茄科植物原生质体的分离、培养、组织细胞培养的细胞分化、诱变及其应用进行了研究。2）建立了茄科植物（矮牵牛、马铃薯、番茄、豌豆、茄子）叶肉原生质体的分离、培养方法。大豆和胡萝卜的细胞培养物也易于制备原生质体并进行培养。3）建立了一种能有效诱导大豆细胞悬浮液中原生质体第一次分裂和集落形成的培养体系。这些细胞分裂也诱导与还原氮，如酪蛋白氨基酸在相对低的渗透条件下。激动素在M期、S期和G2期都有独特的促细胞分裂作用。4）研究了马铃薯原生质体培养物的第一次细胞分裂和菌落形成对细胞核分裂后细胞壁再生糖补充的需求。5）限制性内切酶分析表明，在马铃薯组织培养的早期，总DNA中的卫星DNA最多被C14-胸苷标记。卫星DNA不仅是线粒体DNA，而且是GC含量较高的核DNA组分。该基因的功能有待进一步研究。6）研究了马铃薯无菌苗培养的激素和营养调控。以上研究结果可用于试管薯的生产。7）研究了低浓度5 MT、CES和Round-up对几个胡萝卜胚性品系悬浮细胞的影响。虽然没有观察到赋予全株抗药性的体外抗药性机制，但鉴定了一些潜在的抗药性菌株。