Accelerated introgression of host plant resistance to carrot fly into elite carrot varieties

宿主植物对胡萝卜蝇的抗性加速渗入优良胡萝卜品种

• 批准号: 100890
• 金额: $ 0.04万
• 依托单位: RIJK ZWAAN NETHERLANDS
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Collaborative R&D
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=100890
• 关键词: Accelerated; introgression; host; plant; resistance

The aim of this project is to accelerate introgression of resistance to carrot fly into elite carrot varieties. The development of effective and durable forms of host plant resistance in edible crops is a key method of enhancing crop productivity, meeting new and existing EU regulations with regard to pesticide use and reducing the environmental impact of crop production in the UK and more widely through a reduction in pesticide residues, a reduction in energy use to manufacture and apply pesticides and a reduction in pre-farmgate waste as a result of pest damage. Carrot is a staple vegetable crop in which the UK can be virtually self-sufficient and which is a component of a healthy diet though a number of uses. At present carrot fly is controlled with broad spectrum pyrethroid insecticides and although there is little risk to human health through residues, pyrethroids are toxic to a wide range of non-target species including beneficial insects such as bees and pest predators. There is already evidence of polygenic partial resistance to carrot fly, the result of research at Warwick HRI, and this has been incorporated into a small number of commercial varieties. However, this resistance is insufficient to make a major contribution to a reduction in pesticide use at present.The overall goal of this project is to improve carrot quality by increasing crop quality, reducing crop waste and the adverse impacts of pesticides on the environment.Host plant resistance is the best way of reducing pesticide usage without increasing other environmental costs (e.g. through physical barriers, mechanical methods). Reduces in field waste get better yield per unit input.The investigation of new approaches in research and breeding should give a better picture of the relationship between the carrot fly and the crop and should increase the speed of introgression of host plant resistance into elite lines.

该项目的目的是加速胡萝卜抗性向优质胡萝卜品种的渗透。在食用作物中开发有效和持久的寄主植物抗性形式是提高作物生产力的关键方法，符合欧盟关于农药使用的新法规和现有法规，减少英国作物生产对环境的影响，更广泛地通过减少农药残留，减少生产和使用农药的能源消耗，减少因虫害破坏而导致的农场前浪费。胡萝卜是一种主要的蔬菜作物，在英国几乎可以自给自足，它是健康饮食的一个组成部分，尽管有很多用途。目前，胡萝卜蝇是用广谱拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂控制的，尽管其残留对人类健康的风险很小，但拟除虫菊酯对许多非目标物种都有毒性，包括蜜蜂和害虫捕食者等有益昆虫。已经有证据表明，沃里克HRI的研究结果表明，胡萝卜对胡萝卜蝇具有部分多基因抗性，这一结果已被纳入少数商业品种。然而，这种抗性目前还不足以对减少农药使用作出重大贡献。该项目的总体目标是通过提高作物品质、减少作物浪费和农药对环境的不利影响来改善胡萝卜品质。寄主植物的抗性是在不增加其他环境成本（例如通过物理屏障、机械方法）的情况下减少农药使用的最佳途径。减少田间浪费，提高单位投入产量。在研究和育种方面的新方法的研究应该更好地了解胡萝卜蝇与作物之间的关系，并应该加快寄主植物抗性向优良品系渗透的速度。