Accelerated introgression of host plant resistance to carrot fly into elite carrot varieties

该项目的目的是加速胡萝卜对胡萝卜蝇的抗性向优良胡萝卜品种的导入。开发有效和持久的可食用作物寄主植物抗性形式是提高作物生产力、满足欧盟关于农药使用的新法规和现有法规的关键方法，并通过减少农药残留、减少制造和应用农药的能源消耗以及减少由于病虫害造成的农场前废物来减少英国和更广泛的作物生产对环境的影响。胡萝卜是一种主要的蔬菜作物，在英国几乎可以自给自足，它是健康饮食的一个组成部分，尽管它有很多用途。目前，胡萝卜蝇是用广谱拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂控制的，虽然残留对人类健康的危害很小，但拟除虫菊酯对许多非目标物种都是有毒的，包括有益的昆虫，如蜜蜂和害虫捕食者。已经有证据表明对胡萝卜蝇有多基因部分抗性，这是华威HRI的研究结果，这已经被纳入少数商业品种。然而，目前这种抗性还不足以对减少农药使用做出重大贡献。该项目的总体目标是通过提高作物质量、减少作物浪费和农药对环境的不利影响来改善胡萝卜的质量。寄主植物抗性是在不增加其他环境成本的情况下减少农药使用的最佳方式(例如通过物理屏障、机械方法)。减少田间浪费可获得更好的单位投入产量。研究和育种新方法的探索应更好地了解胡萝卜蝇与作物的关系，并应加快寄主植物抗性导入优良品系的速度。

The aim of this project is to accelerate introgression of resistance to carrot fly into elite carrot varieties. The development of effective and durable forms of host plant resistance in edible crops is a key method of enhancing crop productivity, meeting new and existing EU regulations with regard to pesticide use and reducing the environmental impact of crop production in the UK and more widely through a reduction in pesticide residues, a reduction in energy use to manufacture and apply pesticides and a reduction in pre-farmgate waste as a result of pest damage. Carrot is a staple vegetable crop in which the UK can be virtually self-sufficient and which is a component of a healthy diet though a number of uses. At present carrot fly is controlled with broad spectrum pyrethroid insecticides and although there is little risk to human health through residues, pyrethroids are toxic to a wide range of non-target species including beneficial insects such as bees and pest predators. There is already evidence of polygenic partial resistance to carrot fly, the result of research at Warwick HRI, and this has been incorporated into a small number of commercial varieties. However, this resistance is insufficient to make a major contribution to a reduction in pesticide use at present.The overall goal of this project is to improve carrot quality by increasing crop quality, reducing crop waste and the adverse impacts of pesticides on the environment.Host plant resistance is the best way of reducing pesticide usage without increasing other environmental costs (e.g. through physical barriers, mechanical methods). Reduces in field waste get better yield per unit input.The investigation of new approaches in research and breeding should give a better picture of the relationship between the carrot fly and the crop and should increase the speed of introgression of host plant resistance into elite lines.