A positive Study of the Implementation of Educational Reform in the United States of America ---at Federal, State and District Levels ---

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1. There is clear difference between the modern educational reform movement which pursuits excellence basing on equity and the former reform movement after "Sputonik Shock" which aimed education of the gifted or the talented.2. We can find "two waves" in the process of the implementation of the modern educational reform in the United States of America.3. In the "first wave", begun in 1983, A Nation at Risk and many other reform programs and plans were published one after another. The issues in this wave were raising the high school graduation requirements, reexaminating the alws governing teachers preparation and cerification, considering a longer school day or year, and so on.4. The "second wave" was rising in 1986 by the publication of A Nation Prepared. The issues in this wave were about teacher ceducation, comparison of schools, assessment of school administrators, textbook, etc.