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Operating Characteristics of Low Power Arcjets for Space Propulsion

用于空间推进的低功率电弧喷气发动机的运行特性

基本信息

批准号：
61460079
负责人：
YOSHIKAWA Takao
金额：
$ 3.65万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This paper describes exploratory development of a low-power arcjet for space propulsion such as north-south station keeping for geosynchronous satellites. Three kinds of arcjets ( water cooled arcjet, two-dimensional visible arcjet and radiation cooled arcjet) has been designed and tested with N_2, H_2 and mixture of N_2+H_2 simulating hydrazine decomposion products at power levels from 0.5 to 3kW. The focus of the present research effort is to develop a stable arcjet thruster with high thrust performance at the low mass flow rate and low discharge current level. In the tests of arcjets, the following results were obtained.(1) The large amount of electrode erosion occurs at the start-up. A double pulse trigger method is proposed as a softer starting procedure.(2) The preferred operating conditions and thrust performance are as follows: Propellant N_2+2H_2, ( mixed gas ); arc current 16 A; mass flow rate 30 mg/s; total thrust 145 mN; specific impulse 494 sec; thrust efficiency 31.2 %.(3) The heat input to the cathode is as high as 8 % of the input power and is removed by regenerative cooling of the propellant. In addition, the arc efficiency is 85 % .(4) From the calculation, the frozen flow loss is 40-50 % of the input power. The preferred opening angle of the nozzle seems to be about 40゜ from the standpoint of the arc stability and thrust performance.

本文介绍了用于地球同步卫星南北位置保持等空间推进的低功率电弧加热发动机的探索性发展。本文设计了三种电弧加热发动机（水冷式、二维可见式和辐射冷却式），并以N_2、H_2和N_2+H_2混合气体模拟肼的分解产物，在0.5 ~ 3 kW的功率范围内进行了试验。目前的研究重点是发展一种稳定的电弧喷射推力器，在低质量流量和低放电电流水平下具有高推力性能。在电弧加热发动机的试验中，得到了下列结果。(1)大量的电极腐蚀发生在启动时。提出了一种双脉冲触发方式作为软起动方法。(2)最佳工作条件和推力性能如下：推进剂为N_2+2H_2（混合气体），电弧电流16 A，质量流量30 mg/s，总推力145 mN，比冲494 sec，推力效率31.2%。(3)输入到阴极的热量高达输入功率的8%，并通过推进剂的再生冷却来去除。电弧效率为85%。(4)根据计算，冻结流动损失为输入功率的40- 50%。从电弧稳定性和推力性能的观点来看，喷嘴的优选开度角似乎为约40 °。