Identification of a growth factor from an invertebrate, the abalone and application to aruaculture.

生长激素（GH）和催乳素（PRL）是从所有脊椎动物的脑垂体分泌的肽激素家族，具有许多共同的结构和生物学特征。根据哺乳动物激素的氨基酸序列和基因结构，假设它们是3.5亿年前由一个共同的祖先基因通过复制而进化而来的。然而。这可能是最近才发现的，因为原始鱼类的脑垂体中同时含有GH和PRL。当比较哺乳动物和硬骨细胞激素的原始序列时，这种差异估计发生在大约5亿年前。这使我们产生了一个假设，即这种祖先基因和一种类似gh的蛋白质可能出现在无脊椎动物身上。利用鲑鱼生长激素和PRL研究了无脊椎动物鲍鱼中的一种GH样蛋白。还有它们的抗血清。大马哈鱼GH通过增加壳长和体重来刺激动物的生长，而大马哈鱼PRL…More只对体重有影响。此外，在肾和食道组织中均发现了鲑鱼GH-和prl样免疫反应。在酸性条件下提取肾组织。提取液经凝胶过滤和反相高效液相色谱分离，用鲑鱼生长激素抗血清监测免疫反应组分。分离得到两个免疫反应组分：一个是分子量为23K的单一组分，另一个是分子量为28k、30和32K的三个组分，通过sds -凝胶电泳分离，但没有通过rpHPLC分离。肌肉注射30K蛋白可增加鲍鱼的壳长和体重。30K蛋白的效果与鲑鱼生长激素相似。序列分析表明，30K蛋白序列与鲑鱼GH有一定的相似性。30K蛋白抗血清免疫细胞化学染色鲍鱼组织与食道组织的交叉反应强于与肾组织的交叉反应。从酸性提取物中分离出食道中的免疫反应物质，发现其与肾组织中的30K蛋白相同。这些结果表明，与鲑鱼生长激素相似的GH样物质出现在无脊椎动物体内，这些基因在肾脏和食道两个不同的组织中表达。少

Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) are a family of peptide hormones that are secreted from the pituitary glands of all vertebrate animals and share a number of common structural and biological characteristics. On the basis of amino acid sequences and gene structures of the mammalin hormones, it has been postulated that they have evolved from a common ancestral gene by duplication 350 million years ago. However. This is probably too recent since primitive fish have both GH and PRL in their pituitary glands. When comparing the primary sequences of mammalian and teleostean hormones, the divergence was estimated to have occurred about 500 million years ago. This led us to the hypothesis that the ancestral gene and a GH-like protein might occur in invertebrate animals.A GH-like protein in an invertebrate, the abalone, has been investigated using salmon GH and PRL. and their antisera. Salmon GH stimulated growth of the animals by increasing shell length and body weight, while salmon PRL … More had an effect only on body weight. Moreover, salmon GH- and PRL-like immunoreactivities were found in both renal and esophagus tissues.The renal tissues were extracted under acidic conditions. The extract was fractionated by gel filtration and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, monitoring immunoreactive fractions with salmon GH antiserum. Two immunoreactive fractions were isolated: one was a slngle component with a molecular weight of 23K and the other consisted of three components with molecular weights of 28, 30, and 32K, which were separated by SDS-gelelectrophoresis, but not by rpHPLC. Intramuscular injections of the 30K proteins resulted in increased shell length and body weight of abalone. The effect of the 30K proteins was similar to that of salmon GH. Sequence analysis revealed that the 30K proteins have some sequence similarity to salmon GH. Immunocytochemical staining of abalone tissues with 30K protein antisera showed a stronger cross-reaction with the esophagus tissue than with the renal tissue. The immunoreactive substance in esophagus were isolated from an acidic extract, and found to be identical to the 30K proteins from the renal tissues.These results suggest that GH-like substances similar to salmon GH occur in the invertebrate and the genes are expressed in two distinct tissues, the renal and the esophagus. Less