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Analysis of genetical regulation on crop physiological traits due to the interaction between nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes.

由于核基因组和细胞质基因组之间的相互作用对作物生理性状的遗传调控分析。

基本信息

批准号：
61480030
负责人：
KINOSHITA Toshiro
金额：
$ 4.48万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this project, we carried on a coordinate research by using both of the molecular and conventional genetic approaches. In the cytoplasmic male sterility of sugar beets, we confirmed that the mitochondrial (mt) DNAs consisted of several size classes of circular molecules and N (normal) and S (male sterile) cytoplasms differ in the number and size of small circular DNAs between 0.28um and 0.6um. Variation of high molecular weight DNA also enabled us to detect the polymorphism of mtDNAs. Further we demonstrated that the classification of male sterile cytoplasms are in general agreement with those based upon the conventional analysis of fertility restoring genes in test crosses.Nuclear-cytoplasmic interation was prominent in N-C hybrids of wheat having the cytoplasm derived from Aegilops ovata. Cytoplasmic variability increase in the several physiological traits such as growth habit, photoperiodic response, vegetative period and cold tolerance.In vitro selection was applied to isolate the variants exhibiting specific resistance or tolerance to several herbicides and sodium chloride. The repeated selections under the stressed condition by using rice seed calli were effective in raising the degree of tolerance at the cellular level. However, it is needed to confirm the stable genetic change at the plant level.We also studied the gene action and chromosomal location of genetical markers such as isozymes and plant types for the use of breeding and physiological studies of morphogenesis.

在这个项目中，我们采用分子和常规遗传方法进行了协调研究。在甜菜细胞质雄性不育中，我们证实了线粒体（mt） dna由几个圆形分子大小类别组成，N（正常）和S（雄性不育）细胞质中小圆形dna的数量和大小在0.28 ~ 0.6um之间存在差异。高分子量DNA的变异也使我们能够检测mtdna的多态性。此外，我们还证明了雄性不育细胞质的分类与基于传统的育性恢复基因分析的分类大致一致。核-胞质互作现象在以卵黄为细胞质的小麦N-C杂交种中表现突出。细胞质变异增加了一些生理性状，如生长习性、光周期反应、营养期和耐寒性。通过体外筛选，分离出对几种除草剂和氯化钠具有特定抗性或耐受性的变异株。利用水稻种子愈伤组织在胁迫条件下进行重复选择，在细胞水平上提高了水稻的耐受性。然而，需要在植物水平上确认稳定的遗传变化。我们还研究了同工酶和植物类型等遗传标记的基因作用和染色体定位，用于形态发生的育种和生理研究。