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Poetics, rhetoric, criticism- evolution of the concept "literature" in France

诗学、修辞学、批评——法国“文学”概念的演变

基本信息

批准号：
62450059
负责人：
NINOMIYA Takashi
金额：
$ 2.56万
依托单位：
University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62450059/
关键词：
French literature poetics rhetoric criticism 文学史

项目摘要

At the beginning of these researches, there was a surprise at a paradox which the literary studies, in particular the literary history involve of necessity, the paradox that the literary history which tries to understand all things from the historical point of view makes an exception of the concept "literature". More often than not, the literary history takes up the concept of literature which is in current use today, applies it to various works of the past and then, after proceeding to the demarcation of the borders of literature and non-literature, gives a diachronical description of that. But the concept of literature which is the object of the literary history since 19th century was born in the last half of the 18th century or the first falf of the 19th century. Before that age, the French work "litterature" meant all of sciences written in the letters and their knowledge. Conversely, what is designated today by the name of literature was called approximately the "belles-lettres" whose two principal branches were considered as poetry and eloquence. Now the poetics and the rhetoric are theoretical reflexions of these two disciplines. Moreover, since the Renaissance the criticism filled a important role both in the philology and in the aesthtic judgement of the "gout". In this way, poetics, rhetoric and criticism constituted meta-languages of the literature before the birth of the modern concept of literature. Upon the basis of this view, each investigator has made researches in his own domain. The results are published in parts in the submitted report.

在这些研究之初，文学研究特别是文学史研究必然涉及到一个悖论，即试图从历史的角度理解一切事物的文学史将“文学”这个概念作为一个例外。通常情况下，文学史采用了今天使用的文学概念，将其应用于过去的各种作品，然后在划分文学与非文学的界限之后，对其进行历时性的描述。但是作为19世纪以来文学史研究对象的文学概念诞生于18世纪后半叶或19世纪上半叶。在那个时代之前，法国的“文学”是指所有写在信件和他们的知识中的科学。相反，今天被称为文学的东西大约被称为“美丽的字母”，它的两个主要分支被认为是诗歌和口才。诗学和修辞学是这两门学科的理论反映。此外，自文艺复兴以来，批评在“痛风”的文字学和美学判断中都发挥了重要作用。这样，在现代文学概念诞生之前，诗学、修辞学和批评就构成了文学的元语言。在这种观点的基础上，每个研究者都在自己的领域进行了研究。结果在提交的报告中部分公布。