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A Study on the Fire Safety Design of the Underground Spaces.

地下空间消防安全设计研究。

基本信息

批准号：
63460177
负责人：
TERAI Toshio
金额：
$ 4.61万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this study, three fundamental researches are carried out for the fire safety design of the underground spaces. One is the modeling of the compartment fire, the other two are the measurements and analysis of the wind in underground shopping mall and subway station, and the research of the present state of the guiding systems for evacuation.On the modeling of compartment fire, a model scale experiments and stability analysis of the stationary solution of the zone model, are carried out. In the experiment, room temperature, the rate of heat release, the rate of CO and CO2 generations are measured under various opening conditions. In case of slit shaped opening, continuous and stable flames out of the opening was observed. In case of small opening height, oscillating flames out of the opening was observed. To predict this phenomena and the onset of flashover, a room fire is described by a two layer zone model, and the stability analysis of the stationary points was carried out. The onset of flashover is thought to be a jump from the unstable point to the stable point, and the bifurcation of the stationary points are investigated. The solution curves become S-shaped due to the changes of the opening size, burning area and the kind of fuels. The Hops bifurcations and existence of oscillatory solution are detected.The wind velocity, temperature and the crowd flow were measured in an underground shopping mall and a subway station. The effect of the crowd flow, the piston wind caused by trains, outside climate, crowd flow and HVAC systems on the wind velocity are investigated. The wind velocity is predicted by a network analysis of venting paths with considerations of the above conditions.The present state of the systems of guidance for evacuations are researched. Considerations are given to the possibility of the troubles in case of emergency.

本文针对地下空间的消防安全设计进行了三个方面的基础性研究。一是室内火灾模型的建立，二是地下商场和地铁站内风场的测量与分析，三是人员疏散诱导系统现状的研究。在室内火灾模型的建立方面，进行了室内火灾模型的缩比试验和区域模型定常解的稳定性分析。在实验中，在不同的开放条件下，测量了室温，放热速率，CO和CO2的生成速率。在狭缝形开口的情况下，观察到从开口出来的连续且稳定的火焰。在小开口高度的情况下，观察到振荡火焰从开口出来。为了预测这种现象和轰燃的发生，房间火灾被描述为两层区域模型，并进行了稳定点的稳定性分析。将闪络过程看作是从不稳定点到稳定点的一个跳跃过程，研究了不稳定点的分岔现象。由于开孔尺寸、燃烧面积和燃料种类的变化，求解曲线呈S形。对地下商场和地铁站内的风速、温度和人流进行了测量。研究了人流、列车活塞风、外界气候、人流和空调系统对风速的影响。在此基础上，利用通风路径网络分析法对风速进行了预测，并对疏散引导系统的现状进行了研究。考虑到在紧急情况下发生故障的可能性。