A Study on the Fire Safety Design of the Underground Spaces.

本研究对地下空间的消防安全设计进行了三项基础性研究。一是对车厢火灾进行建模，二是对地下商场和地铁站的风进行测量和分析，以及对疏散引导系统的现状进行研究。针对隔室火灾模型，进行了模型尺度实验和区域模型平稳解的稳定性分析。在实验中，测量了不同开启条件下的室温、放热速率、CO生成速率和CO2生成速率。对于狭缝状开口，观察到连续稳定的火焰从开口流出。在开口高度较小的情况下，观察到开口外火焰振荡。为了预测这一现象和闪络的发生，采用两层区域模型描述了室内火灾，并对静止点进行了稳定性分析。认为闪络的起始点是从不稳定点跳到稳定点，并研究了稳定点的分岔问题。由于开口大小、燃烧面积和燃料种类的变化，溶液曲线呈s型。检测了跳数分岔和振荡解的存在性。在一个地下购物中心和一个地铁站测量了风速、温度和人群流量。研究了人群流、列车活塞风、外界气候、人群流和暖通空调系统对风速的影响。在考虑上述条件的情况下，通过对通风路径的网络分析来预测风速。研究了疏散引导系统的现状。已考虑到在紧急情况下可能发生的麻烦。

In this study, three fundamental researches are carried out for the fire safety design of the underground spaces. One is the modeling of the compartment fire, the other two are the measurements and analysis of the wind in underground shopping mall and subway station, and the research of the present state of the guiding systems for evacuation.On the modeling of compartment fire, a model scale experiments and stability analysis of the stationary solution of the zone model, are carried out. In the experiment, room temperature, the rate of heat release, the rate of CO and CO2 generations are measured under various opening conditions. In case of slit shaped opening, continuous and stable flames out of the opening was observed. In case of small opening height, oscillating flames out of the opening was observed. To predict this phenomena and the onset of flashover, a room fire is described by a two layer zone model, and the stability analysis of the stationary points was carried out. The onset of flashover is thought to be a jump from the unstable point to the stable point, and the bifurcation of the stationary points are investigated. The solution curves become S-shaped due to the changes of the opening size, burning area and the kind of fuels. The Hops bifurcations and existence of oscillatory solution are detected.The wind velocity, temperature and the crowd flow were measured in an underground shopping mall and a subway station. The effect of the crowd flow, the piston wind caused by trains, outside climate, crowd flow and HVAC systems on the wind velocity are investigated. The wind velocity is predicted by a network analysis of venting paths with considerations of the above conditions.The present state of the systems of guidance for evacuations are researched. Considerations are given to the possibility of the troubles in case of emergency.