Early Life History and Larval Culture of Spiny Lobster

在日本岩手三陆的实验室中培养了欧洲种大象Palinurus、日本种Panulirus japonicus和新西兰种Jasus edwardsii和J. verreauxi。成熟雌鱼和雄鱼被引入一个2吨重的ERP水箱中。Palinurus和Jasus的水温保持在10到20摄氏度之间，Panulirus的水温保持在12到25摄氏度之间。雌性在交配后1-3个月产卵。大象象的孵化时间为2月，日本象和佛氏象的孵化时间为7、8月，爱德华象的孵化时间几乎为全年。在一个15 - 100升的带循环系统的圆形罐中培养了几千个叶瘤。在池中培养微藻纳米绿藻。初采叶蒿，晚期采贻贝子房。其中1个象叶虫在第9龄时，经过148天蜕变为葛根。在339和390 d后，日本血吸虫的两个叶状体蜕变为葛根。共观察到三十二龄的日本血吸虫。8龄和14龄分别有350个和150个在100天和200天后存活。在第13 - 17页（主要是第15页），10个叶状体蜕变为葛根。实验用叶状体190个。变形在190天后开始，主要是在第17星。经过40多天的生产，已经生产了13块葛uli。培养池水质COD为0.5 ~ 1.8 ppm，氨氮为0.050 ppm，细菌计数为10,000 ~ 100,000 CFU/ml。这些值表示层瘤培养成功的上限。

The European species Palinurus elephas, the Japanese species Panulirus japonicus and the New Zealand species Jasus edwardsii and J. verreauxi have been cultured in the laboratory at Sanriku, Iwate, Japan. Mature females and males were introduced into a 2 ton ERP tank. Water temperature was maintained between 10 and 20 C for Palinurus and Jasus and between 12and 25 C for Panulirus. Females carried eggs for 1-3 months after mating. Hatching occurred in February for P. elephas, in July and August for P. japonicus and J. verreauxi and almost all year round for J. edwardsii. Several thousand phyllosomas were cultured in a 15 - 100 l circular tank with a recirculating system. Micro-algae Nannochloropsis were cultured in the tank. The phyllosomas were fed with Artemia nauplii at the initial stages and mussel ovary at the advanced stages.One phyllosomas of P. elephas metamorphosed into the puerulus at the 9th instar after 148 days. Two phyllosomas of P. japonicus metamorphosed into the puerulus after 339 and 390 days. Thirthy two instars were observed for P. japonicus. About 350 phyllosomas at the 8th instar and 150 ones at the 14th survived after 100 and 200 days, respectively. Ten phyllosomas of J. edwardsii metamorphosed into the puerulus at the 13 - 17th (mainly the 15th) insert. For J. verreauxi, 190 phyllosomas were used the experiments. Metamorphosing has begunafter 190 days mainly at the 17th instar. Thirteen pueruli have been produced for about 40 days. Water quality of the culture tank showed 0.5 - 1.8 ppm for COD, 0.050 ppm for Ammonium-N and 10,000 - 100,000 CFU/ml for bacterial counts. These values indicate the upper limit for successful phyllosoma culture.