Early Life History and Larval Culture of Spiny Lobster

欧洲物种Palinurus elephas、日本物种Panulirus pandulus和新西兰物种Jasus edwardsii和J. verreauxi已在日本岩手县三陆町的实验室中培养。将成熟雌性和雄性引入2吨ERP罐中。对于Palinurus和Jasus，水温保持在10至20 ℃之间，对于Panulirus，水温保持在12至25 ℃之间。雌性在交配后携带卵1-3个月。象龟在2月孵化，黄龟和黄龟在7月和8月孵化，爱德华龟几乎全年孵化。在15 - 100升循环系统的圆形槽中培养数千个叶状体。在该池中培养微拟球藻。用卤虫无节幼体和贻贝卵巢分别饲喂初孵和后期的叶状幼体，其中一个象龟叶状幼体在9龄时经148天后蜕变为幼体。两个叶状体分别在339和390天后蜕变成叶状体。观察到的第32个龄期为P.d.经100天和200天后，8龄和14龄幼虫分别存活了350和150个。10个叶瘤在第13 ~ 17（主要是第15）个叶节处蜕变为叶节。对于J. verreauxi，实验使用了190个叶状体。190天后开始变态，主要发生在17龄。13个pueruli已经生产了大约40天。培养槽的水质显示COD为0.5 - 1.8ppm，氨氮为0.050ppm，细菌计数为10，000 - 100，000 CFU/ml。这些值指示成功叶状体培养的上限。

The European species Palinurus elephas, the Japanese species Panulirus japonicus and the New Zealand species Jasus edwardsii and J. verreauxi have been cultured in the laboratory at Sanriku, Iwate, Japan. Mature females and males were introduced into a 2 ton ERP tank. Water temperature was maintained between 10 and 20 C for Palinurus and Jasus and between 12and 25 C for Panulirus. Females carried eggs for 1-3 months after mating. Hatching occurred in February for P. elephas, in July and August for P. japonicus and J. verreauxi and almost all year round for J. edwardsii. Several thousand phyllosomas were cultured in a 15 - 100 l circular tank with a recirculating system. Micro-algae Nannochloropsis were cultured in the tank. The phyllosomas were fed with Artemia nauplii at the initial stages and mussel ovary at the advanced stages.One phyllosomas of P. elephas metamorphosed into the puerulus at the 9th instar after 148 days. Two phyllosomas of P. japonicus metamorphosed into the puerulus after 339 and 390 days. Thirthy two instars were observed for P. japonicus. About 350 phyllosomas at the 8th instar and 150 ones at the 14th survived after 100 and 200 days, respectively. Ten phyllosomas of J. edwardsii metamorphosed into the puerulus at the 13 - 17th (mainly the 15th) insert. For J. verreauxi, 190 phyllosomas were used the experiments. Metamorphosing has begunafter 190 days mainly at the 17th instar. Thirteen pueruli have been produced for about 40 days. Water quality of the culture tank showed 0.5 - 1.8 ppm for COD, 0.050 ppm for Ammonium-N and 10,000 - 100,000 CFU/ml for bacterial counts. These values indicate the upper limit for successful phyllosoma culture.