Early Life History and Larval Culture of Spiny Lobster

在日本岩手县三陆的实验室里进行了欧洲种Palinurus elephas、日本种Panulirus Japan onicus和新西兰种Jasus edwardsii和J.verreauxi的培养。成年雌性和雄性被引入到一个2吨的ERP池中。Palinurus和Jasus的水温保持在10-20℃之间，Panulirus的水温保持在12-25℃之间。雌性在交配后产卵1-3个月。日本对虾和华氏对虾在7、8月份孵化，华氏对虾几乎全年都在孵化。数千个叶状瘤培养在15-100个带有循环系统的L圆形槽中。在该池中培养了微藻微绿球藻。叶瘤初期以卤虫无节幼体饲养，晚期以贻贝卵巢饲养，其中一个叶瘤在9龄后148天发育为幼虫。日本对虾的两个叶瘤在339天和390天后发育成幼虫。观察到日本小蜂的30个2龄幼虫。8龄叶瘤约350只，14龄约150只，分别存活100天和200天。在第13-17(主要是第15个)插入处，有10个爱德华氏叶瘤蜕变为幼虫。对于华支睾吸虫，使用了190个叶状瘤进行实验。190天后开始变态，主要发生在17龄。13个普鲁利已经生产了大约40天。培养池出水COD0.5~1.8ppm，氨氮0.050 ppm，细菌数10,000~10万cfu/ml。这些值表示成功培养叶霉菌的上限。

The European species Palinurus elephas, the Japanese species Panulirus japonicus and the New Zealand species Jasus edwardsii and J. verreauxi have been cultured in the laboratory at Sanriku, Iwate, Japan. Mature females and males were introduced into a 2 ton ERP tank. Water temperature was maintained between 10 and 20 C for Palinurus and Jasus and between 12and 25 C for Panulirus. Females carried eggs for 1-3 months after mating. Hatching occurred in February for P. elephas, in July and August for P. japonicus and J. verreauxi and almost all year round for J. edwardsii. Several thousand phyllosomas were cultured in a 15 - 100 l circular tank with a recirculating system. Micro-algae Nannochloropsis were cultured in the tank. The phyllosomas were fed with Artemia nauplii at the initial stages and mussel ovary at the advanced stages.One phyllosomas of P. elephas metamorphosed into the puerulus at the 9th instar after 148 days. Two phyllosomas of P. japonicus metamorphosed into the puerulus after 339 and 390 days. Thirthy two instars were observed for P. japonicus. About 350 phyllosomas at the 8th instar and 150 ones at the 14th survived after 100 and 200 days, respectively. Ten phyllosomas of J. edwardsii metamorphosed into the puerulus at the 13 - 17th (mainly the 15th) insert. For J. verreauxi, 190 phyllosomas were used the experiments. Metamorphosing has begunafter 190 days mainly at the 17th instar. Thirteen pueruli have been produced for about 40 days. Water quality of the culture tank showed 0.5 - 1.8 ppm for COD, 0.050 ppm for Ammonium-N and 10,000 - 100,000 CFU/ml for bacterial counts. These values indicate the upper limit for successful phyllosoma culture.