STUDIES ON PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF PUERULUS OF SPINY LOBSTERS

在Sanriku的实验室中，从卵期到uerulus/postpueruus期培养了Jasus、Panuirus和Palinurus属的多刺龙虾的叶状体。这些pueruli和采集者在海上采集的pueruli用于生态和生理观察。(1)当微拟球藻浓度为10^6 - 5 x 10^6/m1，氨氮< 1.4 ppm，COD < 1.2 ppm，细菌数为10^3 - 10^5 CFU/m1时，幼虫发育完全。1992年和1993年的产量分别为5个、24个、4个和2个。其中，爱德华氏海蛞蝓（J.edwardsii）的Pueruli采自新西兰北岛，威洛海蛞蝓（J.verreauxi）采自澳大利亚新南威尔士州，乌鳢（Panulirus argus）采自美国佛罗里达州。(2)青果期持续时间最短的为20天，Panulirus为12天。不投喂，蒲儿头蜕皮进入幼鱼期。葛根期的持续时间随水温的变化而变化。葛根对水温变化的耐受性较强，在高水温范围内，Jasus的耐受性为28 ℃，Panulius的耐受性为15 ℃。爱德华氏藻对裂缝和岩石中的基质具有偏好性，而绿脉藻对藻类和日本对虾对两者都有偏好性。象鼻虫的普氏虫喜在岩石顶部活动。（3）葛根在变态初期为透明的;肝胰腺在沉淀后可见，色素沉着发生前，肝门血腔中可见脂肪体。脂肪体的数量随发育进程而减少。脂肪体在幼雏期被认为是营养的贮存场所。

Phyllosomas of spiny lobsters, genus Jasus, Panuirus and Palinurus were cultured from egg stage to uerulus/postpueruus stage in the laboratory at Sanriku. These pueruli and those sampled by collectors in the sea were used for ecological and physiological observations.(1) Complete larval development was shown with Nannochloropsis sp. at 10^6 - 5 x 10^6/m1, Ammonium-N < 1.4 ppm, COD < 1.2 ppm and Bacterial number at 10^3 - 10^5 CFU/m1. Number of pueruli produced in 1992 and 1993 was 5, 24, 4 and 2 for J.edwardsii, J.verreauxi, Panulirus japonicus and Palinurus elephas, respectively. Pueruli of J.edwardsii were collected in North Island, New ZEALAND, J.verreauxi in New South Wales, Austraa and Panulirus argus in Florida, U.S.A..(2) The shortest duration of puerulus stage was 20 days for Jasus and 12 days for Panulirus. Pueruli molted into juvenile stage without feeding. Duration of the puerulus stage varied with water teperature. Pueruli were torelable to change of water teperature : Jasus to 28ﾟC at high water teperature range and Panulirus to 15ﾟC at low water teperature range. Preference for substrtum was seen in crevice n rocks for J.edwardsii, in algae for J.verreauxi and in both for P.japonicus. Puerui of P.elephas preferred on the top of rocks. Diurnal burrowing behaviur was observed for J.edwardsii(3) Pueruli were transparent just after metamorphosis. Hepatopancreas was visible after settlement and pigmentation occurred before mult Existence of fat body was observed in the haemocoel of the puerulus. The quantity of the fat bodies reduced with the progress of development. The fat body is considered as as a storage site of nutrition during the puerulus stage.