STUDIES ON PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF PUERULUS OF SPINY LOBSTERS

在三里库的实验室里，从卵期到黄虾/产后阶段对三种刺龙虾的叶状瘤进行了培养。对这些幼虫和采集者在海上采集的幼虫进行了生态和生理观察。(1)小球藻幼虫发育完全。10^6~5×10^6/m~1，氨氮1.4ppm，COD&1.2ppm，细菌数10^3~10^5cfu/m~1。1992年和1993年生产的葛根鱼分别为5只、24只、4只和2只。在新西兰北岛、新南威尔士州的J.verreauxi、澳大利亚的澳大利亚和美国佛罗里达州的Panulirus argus采集的葛根鱼。(2)最短的葛根期为20天和12天。没有取食的情况下，葛根鱼蜕皮进入幼虫阶段。幼虫期的持续时间因水温不同而不同。葛根对水温变化敏感，高水温时为28ﾟC，低水温时为15ﾟC。华氏对虾在岩石缝隙中对底物有偏好，在藻类中对底物有偏好，对日本对虾和在两者中都有偏好。普鲁伊更喜欢在岩石的顶端。观察到华山虎的昼夜挖穴行为。(3)变态后的葛根是透明的。沉降后可见肝胰腺，并有色素沉着，之后在血腔内可见大量脂肪体存在。脂肪小体的数量随发育进程而减少。脂肪体被认为是幼虫阶段营养物质的储存场所。

Phyllosomas of spiny lobsters, genus Jasus, Panuirus and Palinurus were cultured from egg stage to uerulus/postpueruus stage in the laboratory at Sanriku. These pueruli and those sampled by collectors in the sea were used for ecological and physiological observations.(1) Complete larval development was shown with Nannochloropsis sp. at 10^6 - 5 x 10^6/m1, Ammonium-N < 1.4 ppm, COD < 1.2 ppm and Bacterial number at 10^3 - 10^5 CFU/m1. Number of pueruli produced in 1992 and 1993 was 5, 24, 4 and 2 for J.edwardsii, J.verreauxi, Panulirus japonicus and Palinurus elephas, respectively. Pueruli of J.edwardsii were collected in North Island, New ZEALAND, J.verreauxi in New South Wales, Austraa and Panulirus argus in Florida, U.S.A..(2) The shortest duration of puerulus stage was 20 days for Jasus and 12 days for Panulirus. Pueruli molted into juvenile stage without feeding. Duration of the puerulus stage varied with water teperature. Pueruli were torelable to change of water teperature : Jasus to 28ﾟC at high water teperature range and Panulirus to 15ﾟC at low water teperature range. Preference for substrtum was seen in crevice n rocks for J.edwardsii, in algae for J.verreauxi and in both for P.japonicus. Puerui of P.elephas preferred on the top of rocks. Diurnal burrowing behaviur was observed for J.edwardsii(3) Pueruli were transparent just after metamorphosis. Hepatopancreas was visible after settlement and pigmentation occurred before mult Existence of fat body was observed in the haemocoel of the puerulus. The quantity of the fat bodies reduced with the progress of development. The fat body is considered as as a storage site of nutrition during the puerulus stage.