Feeding, development and ecology of the cattle tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, together with the life cycle of Theileria sergenti.

1.对长角血蜱的取食方式、交配和产卵进行了观察。两性种族的雌性需要交配才能完成吞噬和产卵。交配似乎最早发生在开始取食后的第3-4天。在双性小种中，产卵总数与所投食雌体重量呈正相关。2.卵母细胞随摄食开始发育。分离当天开始卵黄沉积和蛋壳合成。在卵黄发生过程中，卵母细胞膜上可见发达的微绒毛和活跃的吞噬作用，卵母细胞膜上有一个大的卵母细胞核和核隐窝。成熟卵母细胞通过发育成熟的卵索细胞之间的通道排入卵巢腔，许多精子上升到卵巢腔。精子似乎在卵巢腔内使排出的卵母细胞受精，因为它们不再有上述特征的卵核。3.对若虫的血粉消化进行了生化检测。总蛋白含量从脱离当天到脱离后第9天迅速下降。中肠内容物中蛋白质的主要成分是血红蛋白和白蛋白，前者的数量远大于后者。血红蛋白在脱离后第9天迅速下降，之后一直维持在较低水平。在剥离日，中肠中检测到大量的血红素，随着血红蛋白消化的进行，其数量逐渐增加，并在蜕皮后第1~5天开始迅速减少。4.超微结构研究表明，中肠在禁食期作为营养储备器官，在取食期和初蜕期作为消化器官，在蜕皮后再次作为主要的营养储存库。

1. The feeding pattern, mating and oviposition were examined in the female cattle tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis. Females of the bisexual race needed mating to complete engorgement and oviposition. Mating seemed to occur at the earliest on the 3rd-4th day after commencement of feeding. There was a positive correlation between the total number of deposited eggs and the fed female weight in the bisexual race. 2. The oocyte began to develop with feeding. Yolk deposition and egg-shell synthesis commenced on the day of detachment. During vitellogenesis, a large oocyte nucleus with the nuclear crypt became situated near the side of the funicle cells, and well-developed microvilli and active pinocytosis were conspicuous on the oocyte plasma membrane. Mature oocytes were ovulated into the ovarian lumen through a pathway among the developed funicle cells, and many spermatozoa ascended to the ovarian lumen. A spermatozoon seemed to fertilize the ovulated oocytes in the ovarian lumen, because they had not the above characteristic egg nucleus any longer. 3. Bloodmeal digestion in the nymphal tick was biochemically examined. The quantity of total protein decreased rapidly from the detachment day to the 9th day after detachment. The major part of proteins in the midgut contents was hemoglobin and albumin, the former being much larger than the latter in quantity. Hemoglobin decreased rapidly until the 9th day after detachment, and then was maintained at a low level. A large quantity of hematin was detected in the midgut at the detachment day, its quantity more increased as hemoglobin digestion proceeded, and started to decrease rapidly from the 1st to 5th day after molting. 4. Our ultrastructural study revealed that the midgut functioned as a nutritional reserve organ during the unfed stage, served as a digestive organ at both the feeding stage and the premolting period, and acted again as a main nutritional reservoir after molting.