Immunology and Molecular Biology of Cestode Infections.

在小鼠和大鼠中，利用几种绦虫，即hmenmenepis spp.和带绦虫带绦虫，分析了宿主与寄生虫在绦虫感染中的相互作用。至少需要两个不同的物种作为中间和最终宿主，以完成囊虫的生命周期，除了H.娜娜。在目前的工作中，我们分析了(1)原始宿主肠腔中成虫的免疫原性，重点分析了成熟成虫产生和释放的癌球的命运；(2)中间宿主组织中幼虫的免疫原性，重点分析了癌球的宿主保护抗原。在前者中，很明显：(1)成虫具有免疫原性，但免疫原性不同于幼虫；(2)对幼虫或成虫的免疫是阶段特异性的，但并不总是物种特异性的。在瓢虫的生命周期中，我们发现由成虫产生并从成虫体内释放出的癌球胚，以瓢虫为中间寄主的小孔瓢虫和小孔瓢虫可能会孵化并侵入最终寄主的肠道组织。虽然侵入最终宿主组织的癌球能否发育成幼虫还有待商榷，这一观察结果很好地解释了为什么小鼠经历了小口嗜血杆菌感染后，除了抗幼虫和抗肿瘤球抗体外，还会产生抗肿瘤球抗体，以及为什么给予这种寄生虫的活卵的小鼠只产生抗肿瘤球抗体，并对小口嗜血杆菌的肿瘤球感染表现出很强的抵抗力。目前，我们可以推测在感染细粒棘球蚴或多房棘球蚴的最终宿主犬体内产生抗癌球抗体的原因。在后者中，我们已经证明了癌球在哺乳动物中间宿主中作为免疫原的重要性。通过与澳大利亚科学家的合作，我们已经成功地建立了大肠杆菌，产生21 kDa的肿瘤分期特异性和宿主保护多肽。这是首个利用重组DNA技术生产的肿瘤分期特异性成分。少

The host-parasite interaction in cestode infections has been analyzed using several species of cestodes, Hvmenolepis spp. and Taenia taeniaeformis in mice and rats. At least two different species are required as the intermediate and definitive hosts for completion of the life-cycle of cestodes except H. nana. In the present work, we have analyzed (1) immunogenicity of adult cestodes in the intestinal lumen of deinitive host with emphasis on the fate of cncospheres produced by and released from mature adult worms, and (2) that of larval cestodes in the tissue of the intermediate host with emphasis on the host-protective antigens of the oncosphere. In the former, it has become clear that (1) adult cestodes are immunogenic but the immunogenicity differs from that of larval cestodes, (2) immunity to larval cestodes or adult cestodes is stage-specific but not always species-specific. On the life cycle of cestodes, we have found tht oncosphere embryos produced by and released from adult csto … More des of H. microstoma and H. diminuta, which require beetles as the intermediate host, may hatch and invade the intestinal tissue of the definitive host. Although it is open to question whether oncospheres invaded the tissue of the definitive host could develop into larval cstodes, this observation provides a good explanation as to why mice experienced patent infecion with H. microstoma produce anti-oncosphere antibodies in addition to anti-larval and anti-oncosphere antibodies and why mice given viable eggs of this parasite produce anti-oncosphere antibodies exclusively and show strong resistance to challenge infection with oncospheres of H. nana. At present, we may speculate the reason why anti-oncosphere antibodies are produced in the definitive host dogs infected with Echinocococcus granulosus or E, multilocularis of medical importance. In the latter, we have shown the importance of oncospheres as the immunogen in mammalian intermediate hosts. With collaboration with Australian scientists, we have succeeded in establishing Escherichia coli producing oncosphere stage-specific and host-protective polypeptide of 21 kDa. This is the first demonstrating oncosphere stage-specific component produced by recombinant DNA technology. Less