IMMUNO TOXICITY OF INORGANIC METAL COMPOUNDS

为研究无机金属化合物对雄性叙利亚金黄地鼠的免疫毒性作用，在第一个实验中，研究了金属镍(Ni)、金属锰(Mn)和亚硒化砷(As2Se3)对雄性叙利亚金黄地鼠的致瘤性及其交互作用。作为对照，一些仓鼠只用磷酸盐缓冲液作为载体。所有的仓鼠在它们的一生中都被观察到了。经气管内滴注处理的材料对仓鼠的累积体重增加没有显著影响。镍组的存活率低于镍+锰组，且镍组与镍+锰组的存活率差异有统计学意义。在动物的整个生命周期中，一个肺…对照组23只仓鼠出现较多的腺瘤。除对照组外，其余各组均未见呼吸道肿瘤。Ni组、Ni+Mn组和As2Se_3组除肺肿瘤形成外，还可见柱状或立方上皮细胞增生伴或不伴鳞状化生或肺泡间隔内金属颗粒沉积，其发生率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义。对照组呼吸道肿瘤发生率为8.7%，镍组为4.0%，镍+锰组为26.9%，As_2Se_3组为10.3%。经卡方检验，镍组、镍+锰组和As_2Se_3组总肿瘤发生率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。在扫描电子显微镜下，肺泡区的主要病变是各种金属颗粒的沉积，巨噬细胞在肺泡区的堆积和肺泡壁的增厚，这些病变在肺泡区比细支气管区更常见。在第二个实验中，比较了三氧化二砷(As_2O_3)、砷化镓(Ga_2O_3)、三氧化二铬(Cr2O_3)、氧化镍(NiO)和苯并(A)芘(B(A)P)作为阳性对照的慢性毒性，包括致瘤性。与对照组相比，砷颗粒可能会造成相对严重的肺损伤，仓鼠的存活时间显著缩短。As_2O_3组、Ga_2O_3组、Cr_2O_3组、NiO组、B(A)P组和对照组的总肿瘤发生率分别为3.3%、3.3%、0%、3.3%、6.8%和3.3%，各金属组和B(A)P组与对照组之间无显著差异。但锰颗粒似乎能提高镍处理引起的小鼠存活时间的缩短。较少

Immuno toxicity of inorganic metal compounds was studied in male Syrian golden hamsters given intermittent intratracheal instillations.In first experiment, the tumorigenicity or interaction effect of metal nickel(Ni), as a positive control, metal manganese(Mn) and arsenic selenide(As2Se3) was studied in male Syrian golden hamsters which received each metal compounds containing a total dose of 7.5 mg Ni, Mn or As by means of intratracheal instillations once a week for 15 weeks. As a controls, some hamsters were treated with only the vehicle, phosphate buffer solution. All hamsters were observed during their entire life span. The materials treated by intratracheal instillations did not significantly effect the cumulative body-weight gain of the hamsters. The lower survival rate was observed in the Ni group compared with that of the Ni+Mn group, and the difference in the survival rates between Ni and Ni+Mn group was statistically significant. During the animal's total life span, one lung … More adenoma was seen in the 23 hamsters in the control group. But no tumors were observed in the respiratory tracts in any group except the control group. Besides lung tumor formation, columnar or cuboidal epithelial hyperplasia with or without squamous metaplasia or deposition of metal particles in the alveolar space or alveolar septa were observed in the Ni, Ni+Mn and As_2Se_3 group and the incidence rates of these lesions were significantly different from that in the control group. The total tumor incidence rates including the respiratory tracts were 8.7% in the control group, 4.0% in the Ni group, 26.9% in the Ni+Mn group and 10.3% in the As_2Se_3. The incidences of total tumors in the groups given Ni, Ni+Mn and As_2Se_3 were not significantly greater than that in the control group according the chi-square test. In the scanning electron microscopic findings, the main lesions observed in the alveolar region were the deposition of each metal particles, the accumulations of macrophages in the alveoli and the thickening the alveolar walls, which lesions were more frequently observed in the alveolar region than in the bronchiolar region.In second experiment, comparative chronic toxicity, including tumorigenicity, of arsenic trioxide(As_2O_3), gallium arsenide(GaAs), chromium trioxide(Cr_2O_3), nickel oxide(NiO) and benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P), as a positive control, were studied using male Syrian golden hamsters given intermittent intratracheal instillations. GaAs particles were likely to produce relatively severe lung damage and the survival of the hamsters was shortened significantly compared with a control group. The total tumor incidence including the respiratory tracts was 3.3 % in the As_2o_3 group, 3.3% in the GaAs group, 0% in the Cr_2O_3, 3.3% in the NiO group, 6.8 % in the B(a)P group and 3.3% in the control group, and no significant difference between the each metal or B(a)P treatedgroup and the control group was found.From these study, the tumorigenicity of inorganic metal compounds were not ascertained in the respiratory tracts or other organs of hamsters. But it seems that Mn particles enhance the shortened survival period induced by Ni treated. Less