Comparative Study on the Townscape from the Sociological Veiwpoints

本研究报告的主要目的是通过日本城市与西方城市的比较来分析应如何形成建筑环境。为了达到这一研究目的，本文特别关注在日常生活的基础上，明确城市景观形成过程中的理想、政策、制度框架和公民参与。本研究项目由三个要素组成。首先是对具有创新城市景观形成政策的地方规划部门进行深入的案例研究。二是对市民的城市风貌意识进行调查。最后是对西部先进地方规划部门的城市景观政策进行个案研究。在今年的研究计划中，强调了第一和第三个研究要素，因为在居民中做密集的问卷调查可能会使研究目的模糊和分散。结论如下。1)从城市景观的技术性讨论出发，从城市基本结构入手，对城市景观进行综合性的探讨和分析。2)城市结构是由两个群体如何使用城市空间的基本冲突构成的：一个是将城市空间视为寻求经济合理性和效率，另一个是通过享受日常生活来实现社会公平和正义。3)城市政策的内容、公共干预的程度、地方规划部门的作用、允许公民参与的范围……这些都是由上述冲突中的价值判断所决定的。(4)经济理性组优先推动公共政策和投资，实现资本最有利的经济金融环境。5)在社会公平组中，强调鼓励各领域的本地就业市场，并对社区的未来负责。6)在城市景观形成的过程中，无论是主要首都的整合还是民间的日常生活整合都在寻求地方经济的振兴。但他们的形象和振兴地方经济的方法似乎完全不同。这种差异对城市景观的质量产生了强烈的影响。每个城市的城市景观质量取决于社区的社会政治关系。少

Main purpose of this research report is to analyze how the built environment should be form& by comparison of Japanese cities with Western ones. Tb attain this research purpose, special attention is Paid to make it clear to theerize the ideals, policies, institutional framework and citizen participation in the townscape formation process, based upon the I%ic of Daily Life.This research Project is composed of three elements.First is to do the intensive case studies on local planning authorities which have the imovative townscape formation policies.Second is to do the survey of citizen's consciousness toward townscape.Final is to do the case studies of townscape policies of the advanced western local plaining authorities.In the research programme of this year, first and third research elements were stressed, because to do the intensive questionnaire among the dwellers might make the research purpose be vague and scatterd.Conclusions are following. :1)Tawnscape should be discussed and ana … More lyzed by focusing on basic urban structure with comprehensiveness to escape mere technical discussion of townscape.2)Urban structure is composed of basic conflict how to use the urban space among two groups : one recognizes the urban space as to seek for the economic rationality and efficiencies, other is to realize the societal fairness and justice through enjoying daily life.3)Contents of urban policies, degree of public intevention, role of the local-plaining authorities, range of citizen participation allowed. . . all these have been decided by the value judgement among these conflict mentioned above.4)The top priority is given in the economic rationality group to promote the public policies and investment to realize the most profitable econo-financial enviroment for the capital.5)Among the societal fairness group, it is stressed to encourage the local employment market of various field, and to have responsibilities toward the future of the comunities.6)Both Imc of Major Capitals and Ingic of Ordinary Life among the peple are seeking for the revitalization of local economy in the process of townscape formation. But their image and method how to revitalize the local economy seem to be different completely. This difference gave the strong influence to the quality of the townscape.7)Quality of townscape in each cities depends upon the socio-political relations in the cammity. Less