Muslim-Jewish encounter, diversity & distance in urban Europe: religion, culture and social model (ENCOUNTERS)

穆斯林与犹太人的相遇，多样性

• 批准号: 440842327
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Matthias Koenig
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Max-Planck-Institut zur Erforschung multireligiöser und multiethnischer Gesellschaften (MPI-MMG)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/440842327?language=en
• 关键词: Muslim; Jewish; encounter; diversity; distance

This proposal is for a study of intercultural, interethnic and interreligious encounters as exemplified by Jews and Muslims in urban Europe. The largest European populations of these two groups - overwhelmingly urban, concentrated in the same cities, and, strikingly, often in the same neighbourhoods - are in France, Germany and the UK, countries which on the face of it have followed different models of framing majority-minority relations, creating ideal conditions for a comparative study of the possibilities of living together in urban Europe. Although academic evidence indicates negative attitudes to Jews and to Muslims correlate with each other in wider society, current public discourse has instead emphasised growing antagonism between them, relating to events in the Middle East (including the Israel/Palestine conflict) and to the rise of Islamist terror and its counteraction. I.e. commentators have pointed to Muslims as key perpetrators of antisemitism. Ethnographic research, however, suggests that relations in urban neighbourhoods are often more complex: everyday commercial exchange, cultural traffic within music and arts scenes,spontaneous and institutionalised interfaith initiatives, nostalgic attempts to retrieve periods of conviviality, and banal contact in the street are among the many forms these relations can take. To address the lack of empirical and conceptual research of these two minorities, we will bring together a breadth of attitudinal quantitative data and qualitative (ethnographic and discourse analysis) research. To do this our transnational collaboration will explore the specificities of and commonalities between the countries, shaped by different national histories of integration including the place of religion in social and political life, but also by local variations on national policies, to better understand how different types of relations might arise. At the national scale, this includes an examination of migration and colonial histories, and of the classical models often attributed -British "pluralism", French "republicanism", German "federalism", each involving a different settlement between confessional and public life and national and ethnic identities. However, as the picture can radically differ on local level, the project will be grounded in urban sites: two diverse city-regions in each country including significant Jewish and Muslim populations or histories and differing approaches to urban governance. We propose an interdisciplinary collaboration across six leading European research universities, involving sociologists, anthropologists, urbanists and migration policy experts, with a history of collaboration. The core of the project methodologically will be intensive, granular participative observation in areas of potential Muslim-Jewish encounter, combined with quantitative analysis of attitudes and discourse analysis. The project will foster dialogue across academic disciplines and with societal stakeholders.

这项建议是为了研究以欧洲城市的犹太人和穆斯林为例的文化间、种族间和宗教间接触。这两个群体绝大多数都是城市居民，集中在同一个城市，而且令人惊讶的是，他们往往居住在同一个街区，这两个群体中最大的欧洲人口分布在法国、德国和英国，这些国家表面上遵循着不同的多数-少数关系模式，为比较研究欧洲城市共同生活的可能性创造了理想的条件。虽然学术证据表明，在更广泛的社会中，对犹太人和穆斯林的负面态度相互关联，但当前的公共话语反而强调了他们之间日益增长的对抗，涉及中东事件（包括以色列/巴勒斯坦冲突）以及伊斯兰恐怖主义的兴起及其反击。也就是说，评论家指出穆斯林是反犹太主义的主要肇事者。然而，人种学研究表明，城市社区的关系往往更为复杂：日常商业交流、音乐和艺术场景中的文化交流、自发和制度化的宗教间倡议、怀旧式的恢复欢乐时光的尝试，以及街头的平庸接触，都是这些关系可能采取的多种形式。为了解决这两个少数民族的经验和概念研究的缺乏，我们将汇集广泛的态度定量数据和定性（民族志和话语分析）研究。为此，我们的跨国合作将探索各国之间的特殊性和共同点，这些特殊性和共同点由不同的国家融合历史（包括宗教在社会和政治生活中的地位）以及国家政策的地方差异所决定，以更好地了解不同类型的关系可能会出现。在国家范围内，这包括审查移民和殖民历史，以及通常归因于英国的“多元主义”，法国的“共和主义”，德国的“联邦主义”，每一个都涉及宗教和公共生活以及民族和种族身份之间的不同解决方案。然而，由于地方层面的情况可能截然不同，该项目将立足于城市地点：每个国家的两个不同的城市地区，包括重要的犹太人和穆斯林人口或历史以及不同的城市治理方法。我们建议跨六个领先的欧洲研究型大学的跨学科合作，涉及社会学家，人类学家，城市学家和移民政策专家，合作的历史。该项目的核心方法将是密集的，颗粒参与观察潜在的穆斯林-犹太人相遇的领域，结合态度和话语分析的定量分析。该项目将促进跨学科和与社会利益攸关方的对话。