Studies on the Merovingian fiscal documents from the Abbey of Saint-Martin at Tours.

图尔圣马丁修道院所谓的会计文件引起了轰动，在经历了长时间的无知和忽视它们作为历史资料的价值之后，它们在20世纪60年代被重新发现。我一直在进行调查，试图从整体上理解这些文件。首先，我在巴黎的BN对这份文件的材料方面进行了探究，确认它们在被用作征税工具时没有经过整理，所以它们不是像《末日审判书》或《加洛林王朝的多面体》那样的登记簿，而仅仅是一份实用的文件。我想有一本现在丢失的登记簿，它提供了一系列的信息，使僧侣们能够编辑那些实用的文件。其次，我试图在地形图上找到一些地名，并找出那些没有被加洛林王朝的皇家特许状、其他类型的法令和18世纪的卡西尼地图所定位的地名……更重要的是，通过这样做，我不仅了解了修道院所拥有的庄园的分布情况，还了解了墨洛温王朝末期卢瓦尔河谷中部的农村定居和人口状况。在对文件中有关财政管理的专业术语做了解释之后，第三，我评估了农业生产水平，即每个被要求支付修道院土地税的农民的玉米产量。我已被说服，我们最好把当代干物质的气象学——莫奥多斯（modius）的价值定得比一个半世纪以前b.g erard所定的价值大三倍。借助于营养系数，我计算出了一个假设的农户家庭平均规模，即在扣除税收后的玉米产量和明年的播种储备可以维持。答案是大约四个人。因此我们必须考虑到，依靠修道院生活的农民基本上形成了一个由父母和两个孩子组成的核心家庭。对农民名字的拟人分析证实了这一点。最后，我对圣马丁庄园臭名昭著的三田制问题提出了挑战。每个农民生产的多种玉米与玉米产量相结合的模式使我们可以断定，三田制刚刚出现或正在出现，并且首先起源于图兰及其邻近地区的中等农民阶层。少

The so-called Accounting documents from Saint-Martin Abbey at Tours provoked a kind of sensation, when they have been re-discovered in 1960s, after a long space of time of ignorance and neglect of their values as historical sources. I have proceed and always is proceeding my investigations trying to understand the documents as a whole. Firstly, I explored material aspects of this document in BN in Paris, and confirmed that they haven't been collated when they were used as instrument for tax-collecting, so they weren't the register book like a Domesday Book or Carolingian Polyptychs, but merely a practical document. I think that there has been a registration book'now lost, which gave a series of information that enabled the monks to redact those practical documents. Secondly, I tried to locate a number of place-names on the topographical map as well as to identify those that haven't been located with Carolingian royal charters, the other sort of acts and Cassini's Map made in 18th centu … More ry. By doing so, I realized not only the distribution of manors possessed by the Abbey, but also the state of rural settlement and population at the end of Merovingian era in the mid-Loire valley. After having done a work of interpretation for the technical terms concerning fiscal administration in the document, thirdly, I evaluated the levels of agricultural productions, namely of corn productions of each peasant who has been charged to pay the land-tax due to the Abbey.I have been persuaded that its better that we fix the value of modius, a meterology of contemporary dry-materials, as it were three times larger than that fixed by B.Guerard more than one and a half century before. With the help of a dietetics coefficient, I calculated a hypothetic average size of peasant family that the corn production, after the extraction by the tax as well as the reserve for seeding next year, could maintain. The answer was about four persons. So we must consider that the peasantry dependent on the Abbey has formed in the most part a nuclear family with a parent and two children. This was confirmed by the anthroponymical analyze of names that bore the peasants. Finally, I challenged the problem of notorious three-fields system in the demesne of Saint-Martin. The mode of association of plural corns that produced each peasant and the quantities of corn productions enabled us to conclude the three-fields system has been just in arisen or is arising, and originated first of all from the medium stratum of the peasantry, in the Touraine and its neighboring region. Less