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An over-all study of homeostatic mechanism inherent to the Merovingian state system

对墨洛温王朝国家体系固有的稳态机制的全面研究

基本信息

批准号：
17520493
负责人：
SATO Shoichi
金额：
$ 2.47万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Inquiring into a number of legal and political aspects inherent to the Merovingian state system over a few decades, I have been convinced with the mechanism proper to this state structure, which functioned in favor of sustaining the state construction. I call it the "homeostatic mechanism & Merovingian state". I think that the mechanism consists of five following components: 1) Characterization of kingship, 2) Division of the State into three kingdoms, 3) Matrimonial strategy of royal dynasty, 4) Articulated system of tax imposition and 5) Asymmetrical relationship between carrier-pass of the Merovingian courtiers and their nomination to the Episcopal see.1) Many scholars have pointed out a strangely moderate appearance of the royals in Merovingian dynasty. One of the French dassists who analyzed the works of courtier poet of Venance Fortuna in the later sixth century concluded that the Merovingian kingship is curt of ideological aura and that point is still dear if I may add the total … More luck of description about a funeral ceremony proper to the king's burial. The king conducted as if he was ahead of secular officials. 2) Division of Merovingian state into three under-kingdoms allowed them to govern the state not only in a most convenient and efficient way but also with an appropriate geographical size. It was important for the homeostatic nature of this state that among the three under-kingdoms, noble and influential office-holders could serve one after another if they met opportunities. We find this phenomenon by executing a prcsopographical investigation about the Merovingian office-holders. Existence of this kind of institutional and political device gave a chance for the disgraced faking to work Mother under-kingdom, thus to make them renounce a possible insurrection that had to have provoked a big crisis for the state. 3) The most astonishing and skillful political performance that created the Merovingians must be expressed in their matrimonial politics. As the only potential condition to make access to royal ascension has been the fact that the candidate descended from the royal blood, the control of blood relationships got the prime importance. Until mid-sloth century, the dynasty maintained the principal of exogamy with a foreign king's house, but 'after they couldn't be offered adequate resource of foreign royal stocks, because of falls of barbarian kingdoms, the Merovingians began to execute, concubinary relations with low-born women to obstruct the formation of an influential maternal relative. 4) Imposition of tax had prime importance for acquiring the financial resource for the Merovingians. They made great effort to -maintain the fiscal system that they inherited from Ancient Western Roman Empire, not as an entirely homogeneous system but as an articulated ones. Important is to maintain it in the localities wherever it was possible to impose, thus to keep the habit of fiscal imposition. 5) When high-ranked office holders retired from court services, they often got position of local bishop. From institutional and politico-social point of view, the central government looked for ecclesiastical organization more than royal local staffs as counts. That doesn't mean that the royal domination has a religious scent but the fact the local government deprived from the Episcopal see (Civitasrepublik). Dispatching former countries with writing ability as bishop, the kingship executed an up-keep of local administration. Less

在过去的几十年里，我对墨洛温王朝国家制度所固有的一些法律的和政治方面进行了调查，我确信这种国家结构所特有的机制有利于维持国家的建设。我称之为“内稳态机制&梅罗文加状态”。我认为这个机制包括以下五个部分：（1）王权的特征化;（2）三国的分裂;（3）皇家王朝的婚姻策略;（4）明确的征税制度;（5）墨洛温王朝廷臣的通行证与他们被任命为主教之间的不对称关系。许多学者指出墨洛温王朝王室成员的温和外表令人奇怪。有一位法国达塞斯在分析了世纪后期韦南斯的朝臣诗人福图纳的作品后得出结论说，墨洛温王朝的王权缺乏意识形态的光环，如果我可以加上总数的话，这一点仍然是宝贵的 ...更多信息关于一个葬礼仪式适当的国王的葬礼描述的运气。国王的行为举止好像比世俗的官员们都要高明。2)墨洛温王朝将国家分为三个王国，不仅使他们能够以最方便和有效的方式管理国家，而且还具有适当的地理大小。在三个王国中，如果他们遇到机会，贵族和有影响力的官员可以一个接一个地为这个国家服务，这对这个国家的稳态性质很重要。我们通过对墨洛温王朝官员的人口学调查发现了这一现象。这种制度和政治手段的存在，给了那些不光彩的冒牌货一个机会，让他们在王国之下为母亲工作，从而使他们放弃可能的起义，因为起义必然会给国家带来巨大的危机。3)创造墨洛温王朝的最惊人和最巧妙的政治表演，一定表现在他们的婚姻政治中。作为唯一的潜在条件，使进入皇家Ascension一直是事实，即候选人的后裔从皇家的血液，控制血液关系得到了首要的重要性。直到世纪中期，墨洛温王朝一直保持着与外国王室通婚的原则，但由于野蛮王国的福尔斯衰落，他们无法获得足够的外国皇家资源，墨洛温王朝开始与出身低微的妇女实行妾婚关系，以阻碍有影响力的母系亲属的形成。4)征税对于墨洛温王朝获取财政资源至关重要。他们做出了巨大的努力来维持他们从古西罗马帝国继承来的财政制度，不是一个完全同质的制度，而是一个相互连接的制度。重要的是，在可能征收的地方保持它，从而保持财政征收的习惯。5)当高级官员从宫廷服务退休时，他们通常会得到当地主教的职位。从制度和政治社会的角度看，中央政府对教会组织的重视程度超过了对皇家地方人员的重视。这并不意味着皇家的统治有一种宗教气息，而是地方政府剥夺了主教的权利。派遣有文字能力的前国家担任主教，王权对地方行政进行维护。少